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Introduction: Studies addressing the role of haploidentical as alternative to HLA-matched donors for stem cell transplantation (SCT) often include patients with diverse hematological malignancies in different remission statuses. Methods: We compared outcomes of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing SCT in second complete remission (CR2) from haploidentical (n = 25) versus HLA-matched donor (n = 51). Results: Patients were equally distributed across both groups according to age, immunophenotype, time to and site of relapse, relapse risk-group allocation, and minimal residual disease (MRD) before SCT. Incidence of graft failure, acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), and other early complications did not differ between both groups. We found no differences in overall survival (58.7% versus 59.5%; p = .8), leukemia free survival (LFS) (48% versus 36.4%; p = .5), event free survival (40% versus 34.4%; p = .69), cumulative incidence (CI) of subsequent relapse (28% versus 40.9%; p = .69), treatment related mortality (24% versus 23.6%; p = .83), CI of cGVHD (4.5% versus 18.7%; p = .2), and chronic GVHD-free and leukemia-free survival (44% versus 26.3%; p = .3) after haploidentical donor SCT. Chronic GVHD (HR = 0.09; p=.02) had protective impact, and MRD ≥ 0.01% before SCT (HR = 2.59; p=.01) had unfavorable impact on LFS. Discussion: These results support the role of haploidentical donor SCT in children with ALL in CR2.
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Introducción: La drepanocitosis es una anemia emergente en Europa que condiciona una elevada morbilidad con complicaciones agudas y crónicas. El manejo de estos pacientes es complejo y requiere atención interdisciplinar. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las características y el manejo de los pacientes con drepanocitosis que ingresan por complicaciones agudas.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los ingresos por complicaciones agudas de pacientes con drepanocitosis menores de 16 años en un hospital terciario entre 2010 y 2020. Se revisaron los datos clínicos, analíticos y radiológicos.Resultados: Se incluyeron 71 ingresos correspondientes a 25 pacientes, el 40% diagnosticados por cribado neonatal. Los ingresos se incrementaron de forma progresiva durante este periodo. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron la crisis vasooclusiva (35,2%), el síndrome febril (33,8%) y el síndrome torácico agudo (32,3%). Nueve pacientes precisaron ingreso en cuidados intensivos. En 20 ingresos se obtuvo documentación microbiológica, 60% bacterias. En el 86% se administró antibioterapia y 28% precisaron analgesia con opioides. El 89% cumplían la pauta de vacunación adecuada y el 41% recibían hidroxiurea previo al ingreso.Conclusiones: Las complicaciones agudas que precisan ingreso hospitalario son frecuentes en los pacientes con drepanocitosis, siendo las más habituales la crisis vasooclusiva y el síndrome febril. Esto conlleva un uso elevado de antibioterapia y opioides. El diagnóstico precoz facilita el reconocimiento de complicaciones de riesgo vital como el síndrome torácico agudo y el secuestro esplénico. A pesar de las medidas preventivas y los tratamientos indicados en la actualidad, estas complicaciones agudas precisan manejo hospitalario. (AU)
Introduction: Sickle cell disease is an emerging anemia in Europe leading to high morbidity with severe acute complications requiring hospital admission and chronic consequences. The management of these patients is complex and needs interdisciplinary care. The objective is to analyze clinical characteristics and management of patients with sickle cell disease admitted for acute complications.Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of admissions for acute complications of patients with sickle cell disease under 16 years of age in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2020. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were reviewed.Results: We included 71 admissions corresponding to 25 patients, 40% diagnosed by neonatal screening. Admissions increased during this period. The most frequent diagnoses were vaso-occlusive crisis (35.2%), febrile syndrome (33.8%) and acute chest syndrome (32.3%). Nine patients required critical care at PICU. Positive microbiological results were confirmed in 20 cases, bacterial in 60%. Antibiotic therapy was administered in 86% of cases and the vaccination schedule of asplenia was adequately fulfilled by 89%. Opioid analgesia was required in 28%. Chronic therapy with hydroxyurea prior to admission was used in 41%.Conclusions: Acute complications requiring hospital admission are frequent in patients with sickle cell disease, being vaso-occlusive crisis and febrile syndrome the most common. These patients need a high use of antibiotics and opioid analgesia. Prior diagnosis facilitates the recognition of life-threatening complications such as acute chest syndrome and splenic sequestration. Despite the prophylactic and therapeutic measures currently provided to these patients, many patients suffer acute complications that require hospital management. (AU)
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Síndrome Torácica Aguda , Anemia Falciforme/complicações , Anemia Falciforme/tratamento farmacológico , Triagem Neonatal , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Sickle cell disease is an emerging anemia in Europe leading to high morbidity with severe acute complications requiring hospital admission and chronic consequences. The management of these patients is complex and needs interdisciplinary care. The objective is to analyze clinical characteristics and management of patients with sickle cell disease admitted for acute complications. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of admissions for acute complications of patients with sickle cell disease under 16 years of age in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2020. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were reviewed. RESULTS: We included 71 admissions corresponding to 25 patients, 40% diagnosed by neonatal screening. Admissions increased during this period. The most frequent diagnoses were vaso-occlusive crisis (35.2%), febrile syndrome (33.8%) and acute chest syndrome (32.3%). Nine patients required critical care at PICU. Positive microbiological results were confirmed in 20 cases, bacterial in 60%. Antibiotic therapy was administered in 86% of cases and the vaccination schedule of asplenia was adequately fulfilled by 89%. Opioid analgesia was required in 28%. Chronic therapy with hydroxyurea prior to admission was used in 41%. CONCLUSIONS: Acute complications requiring hospital admission are frequent in patients with sickle cell disease, being vaso-occlusive crisis and febrile syndrome the most common. These patients need a high use of antibiotics and opioid analgesia. Prior diagnosis facilitates the recognition of life-threatening complications such as acute chest syndrome and splenic sequestration. Despite the prophylactic and therapeutic measures currently provided to these patients, many patients suffer acute complications that require hospital management.
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Síndrome Torácica Aguda , Anemia Falciforme , Síndrome Torácica Aguda/diagnóstico , Síndrome Torácica Aguda/epidemiologia , Síndrome Torácica Aguda/etiologia , Analgésicos Opioides , Anemia Falciforme/tratamento farmacológico , Anemia Falciforme/terapia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
In addition to mutations in ITG2B or ITGB3 genes that cause defective αIIbß3 expression and/or function in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia patients, platelet dysfunction can be a result of genetic variability in proteins that mediate inside-out activation of αIIbß3 The RASGRP2 gene is strongly expressed in platelets and neutrophils, where its encoded protein CalDAG-GEFI facilitates the activation of Rap1 and subsequent activation of integrins. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify 2 novel function-disrupting mutations in RASGRP2 that account for bleeding diathesis and platelet dysfunction in 2 unrelated families. By using a panel of 71 genes, we identified a homozygous change (c.1142C>T) in exon 10 of RASGRP2 in a 9-year-old child of Chinese origin (family 1). This variant led to a p.Ser381Phe substitution in the CDC25 catalytic domain of CalDAG-GEFI. In 2 Spanish siblings from family 2, WES identified a nonsense homozygous variation (c.337C>T) (p.Arg113X) in exon 5 of RASGRP2 CalDAG-GEFI expression was markedly reduced in platelets from all patients, and by using a novel in vitro assay, we found that the nucleotide exchange activity was dramatically reduced in CalDAG-GEFI p.Ser381Phe. Platelets from homozygous patients exhibited agonist-specific defects in αIIbß3 integrin activation and aggregation. In contrast, α- and δ-granule secretion, platelet spreading, and clot retraction were not markedly affected. Integrin activation in the patients' neutrophils was also impaired. These patients are the first cases of a CalDAG-GEFI deficiency due to homozygous RASGRP2 mutations that are linked to defects in both leukocyte and platelet integrin activation.
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Plaquetas/metabolismo , Éxons , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Ativação Plaquetária/genética , Trombastenia , Proteínas rap1 de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Plaquetas/patologia , Criança , Ativação Enzimática/genética , Feminino , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/genética , Fatores de Troca do Nucleotídeo Guanina/metabolismo , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Integrina beta3/genética , Integrina beta3/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glicoproteína IIb da Membrana de Plaquetas/genética , Glicoproteína IIb da Membrana de Plaquetas/metabolismo , Vesículas Secretórias/genética , Vesículas Secretórias/metabolismo , Trombastenia/genética , Trombastenia/metabolismo , Trombastenia/patologiaRESUMO
Background. Fungi of the genus Fusarium are primarily plant pathogens and saprobes that produce disseminated infections in immunologically deficient humans. After aspergillosis, disseminated fusariosis is the second most common cause of invasive infection by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies or those undergoing transplants of hematopoietic progenitors. Aims. Disseminated fusariosis (DF) is considered an extremely rare infection and has reached a stable incidence rate, but its high mortality rate and the lack of an optimal management protocol have raised increasing interest in this mycosis. Methods. We present three cases of DF produced by Fusarium oxysporum species complex, Fusarium solani species complex and the highly unusual Fusarium dimerum in patients with advanced hematological malignancies diagnosed in our hospital between 2007 and 2011. The species level identification of the Fusarium isolates was established by sequencing their TEF1 gene. Results. The isolates showed low susceptibility to most of the antifungal agents analyzed, except that observed for F. dimerum to amphotericin B (AmB) and terbinafine, and F. oxysporum species complex to AmB. Interestingly, the strain of F. solani species complex exhibited high MIC values for AmB and voriconazole, notwithstanding these drugs were used for treatment with good results. Other relevant aspects to be considered in the treatment of DF are surgically cleaning foci of infection, withdrawing presumably contaminated catheters and recovery from neutropenia. Conclusions. The prevention of infection in colonized patients, the maintenance of a high level of diagnostic suspicion for early diagnosis, and the combined, vigorous and prolonged use of L-AmB and voriconazole are essential to decrease the mortality rate of this devastating infection (AU)
Antecedentes. Los hongos del género Fusarium son principalmente patógenos vegetales que producen infecciones diseminadas en personas con deficiencias inmunológicas. Tras la aspergilosis, la fusariosis diseminada es la segunda causa de infección invasora por hongos filamentosos en pacientes con enfermedades hematológicas malignas o en receptores de trasplantes de progenitores hematopoyéticos. Objetivos. La fusariosis diseminada es muy infrecuente y ha alcanzado una tasa de incidencia estable. Sin embargo, el interés por estas micosis se ha incrementado debido a su alta tasa de mortalidad y a la falta de un tratamiento óptimo. Métodos. Se presentan tres casos de fusariosis diseminada por Fusarium oxysporum species complex (SC), Fusarium solani SC y Fusarium dimerum en pacientes de nuestro hospital con enfermedades hematológicas avanzadas, diagnosticados entre 2007 y 2011. Los aislamientos de Fusarium se identificaron mediante secuenciación del gen TEF1. Resultados. La sensibilidad a los antifúngicos ensayados fue baja salvo a la anfotericina B (AmB) y la terbinafina en F. dimerum, y a la AmB en F. oxysporum SC. Aunque F. solani SC mostró valores altos de CMI para la AmB y el voriconazol, su uso para el tratamiento del paciente dio buenos resultados. Otros aspectos relevantes para el tratamiento de la fusariosis diseminada son la limpieza quirúrgica de los focos de infección, la retirada de catéteres presumiblemente contaminados y la recuperación de la neutropenia. Conclusiones. La prevención de la infección en pacientes colonizados, el mantenimiento de un alto grado de sospecha para un diagnóstico temprano y el uso combinado, vigoroso y prolongado de L-AmB y voriconazol son esenciales para disminuir la mortalidad de esta infección devastadora (AU)
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Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fusariose/complicações , Fusarium/patogenicidade , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Fungemia/complicações , Anfotericina B/uso terapêutico , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fungi of the genus Fusarium are primarily plant pathogens and saprobes that produce disseminated infections in immunologically deficient humans. After aspergillosis, disseminated fusariosis is the second most common cause of invasive infection by filamentous fungi in patients with hematologic malignancies or those undergoing transplants of hematopoietic progenitors. AIMS: Disseminated fusariosis (DF) is considered an extremely rare infection and has reached a stable incidence rate, but its high mortality rate and the lack of an optimal management protocol have raised increasing interest in this mycosis. METHODS: We present three cases of DF produced by Fusarium oxysporum species complex, Fusarium solani species complex and the highly unusual Fusarium dimerum in patients with advanced hematological malignancies diagnosed in our hospital between 2007 and 2011. The species level identification of the Fusarium isolates was established by sequencing their TEF1 gene. RESULTS: The isolates showed low susceptibility to most of the antifungal agents analyzed, except that observed for F. dimerum to amphotericin B (AmB) and terbinafine, and F. oxysporum species complex to AmB. Interestingly, the strain of F. solani species complex exhibited high MIC values for AmB and voriconazole, notwithstanding these drugs were used for treatment with good results. Other relevant aspects to be considered in the treatment of DF are surgically cleaning foci of infection, withdrawing presumably contaminated catheters and recovery from neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of infection in colonized patients, the maintenance of a high level of diagnostic suspicion for early diagnosis, and the combined, vigorous and prolonged use of L-AmB and voriconazole are essential to decrease the mortality rate of this devastating infection.