Impact of prior different abdominal or pelvic surgery on cecal intubation time: a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating the effect of different abdominopelvic surgeries on cecal intubation time (CIT) are limited and their results are heterogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different abdominopelvic surgeries on CIT. METHODS: The study was designed as a single-center, prospective, investigator-blinded and compared patients with previous pelvic surgery, appendectomy, hepatobiliary surgery, upper abdominal region surgery, and umbilical hernioraphy with patients that had no history of surgery. Factors associated with prolonged CIT (>600 sec) were determined using both univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: This study included a total of 1,420 consecutive colonoscopy procedures that were undertaken between October 2018 and December 2019. The patients comprised 55.1% women and the mean age was 53.05±13.9 years. Mean CIT was 361.87±192.2 sec and prolonged CIT was detected in 176 (12.4%) patients. Of all patients, 523 (36.8%) of them had a history of abdominopelvic surgery. On multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus (p=0.032, OR 1.766, 95% CI 1.051-2.968) and previous umbilical hernioraphy (p=0.002, OR 3.614, 95% CI 1.623-8.049) were found to be significant factors for CIT and prolonged CIT. CONCLUSION: Previous umbilical hernioraphy and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent factors associated with prolonged CIT and difficult colonoscopy.

Investigation of antioxidant effects of rosmarinic acid on liver, lung and kidney in rats: a biochemical and histopathological study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of rosmarinic acid in rats exposed to hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly classified into four groups of 8 rats each: laparotomy without medication, rosmarinic acid (dose of 50 mg/kg via oral gavage) followed by laparotomy, laparotomy followed by hepatic I/R, and hepatic I/R with rosmarinic acid. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant activity and total antioxidant capacity levels of the liver, lung, and kidney were assessed. The histopathologic assessment was also performed. RESULTS: Rosmarinic acid significantly reduced liver function test parameters and decreased oxidative stress and abnormal histopathologic findings in the liver. The oxidative stress in the lung significantly increased in the I/R group but significantly decreased in the I/R + rosmarinic acid group due to the addition of rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid led to no reduction in oxidative stress in kidney following hepatic I/R injury. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups regarding histopathologic changes in kidney and lung sections. CONCLUSIONS: Rosmarinic acid has antioxidant properties and is an effective hepatoprotective agent. However, although rosmarinic acid provides useful effects in the lung by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing oxidative stress after I/R injury, it does not ameliorate histopathologic changes. These findings suggest that rosmarinic acid is likely to provide favourable outcomes in the treatment of hepatic I/R injury.