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The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiome, has emerged as a central determinant of health and disease. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial composition of the gut, is associated with a variety of metabolic and other diseases, highlighting the potential for microbiota-targeted treatments. Fecal microbiota transplantation has received considerable attention as a promising therapy to modulate the gut microbiome and restore microbial homeostasis. However, challenges remain, including standardization, safety, and long-term efficacy. This review summarizes current knowledge on fecal microbiota transplantation and describes the next generation therapies targeting microbiome. This review looked at the mechanistic understanding of fecal microbiota transplantation and alternative strategies, elucidating their potential role in improving dysbiosis-associated metabolic disorders, such as obesity, and type 2 diabetes and others. Additionally, this review discussed the growing application of therapies targeting the gut microbiome. Insights from clinical trials, preclinical studies, and emerging technologies provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of microbiome-based interventions. Through a critical assessment of current advances and prospects, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting gut microbiome and pave the way for innovative approaches in precision medicine and personalized treatments.
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Objective: Carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CP-CRE) are usually healthcare associated. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of hospital-acquired CRE and multi-drug-resistant infections, and identify associated risk factors in hospitalized patients in Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in patients admitted with sepsis between January and June 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected using questionnaires. In total, 384 samples were collected and cultured based on source of infection. Bacterial species identification was performed using biochemical tests, and drug susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The modified carbapenem inactivation method was employed for carbapenemase detection. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: The overall rate of CP-CRE infection was 14.6%. Bloodstream infections and urinary tract infections were the predominant hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). The majority of CP-CRE were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and accounted for 4.9%. Chronic underlying disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 7.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-31.5), number of beds per room (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 1.7-75) and eating raw vegetables (AOR: 11, 95% CI: 3.4-40) were significantly associated with hospital-acquired CRE infection. Conclusions: The rate of CP-CRE infection found in this study is concerning. There is a need for further evaluation of risk factors and measures to decrease HAI. Hand hygiene, increased laboratory capacity, improved infection prevention measures, and antimicrobial stewardship programmes are needed in healthcare settings to halt the transmission of CP-CRE.
