Worse sleep quality predicts early drop out from physical exercise programs.

Introduction and Objective: Sleep quality (SQ) benefits from regular physical exercise (PE) practice, but the effect of SQ over behavioral aspects of PE is not well known. In this study, we tested whether sleep variables can predict the drop out risk for PE programs during a six-week critical period for habit formation at gyms. Material and Methods: We assessed 153 volunteers, freshly enrolled at three different gyms and from both sexes, with average age of 33.6 (±11.9) years. Questionnaires provided sociodemographic, health, sleep, physical activity and circadian rhythmicity information. Daily PE practice frequency was monitored using the gym's turnstiles electronic records. We created a multivariate model using Cox regression in order to test the risk of PE program drop out during the first six weeks. Results: Worse SQ predicted a higher drop out risk (HR=1.11; 95%CI = 1.02-1.21; p<0.05), even when adjusted for other potential confounding variables. Conclusion: We found that worse SQ predicted a higher early drop out from PE programs in the formal context of gyms during the first six weeks, along with other variables related to PE practice.

Corrigendum: Determining the Targets of Fluopsin C Action on Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01076.].

Determining the Targets of Fluopsin C Action on Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria.

The antibiotic activity of metalloantibiotic compounds has been evaluated since the 90s, and many different modes of action were characterized. In the last decade, the effects of secondary metabolites produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LV strain, including a cupric compound identified as Fluopsin C, were tested against many pathogenic bacteria strains, proving their high antibiotic activity. In the present study, the bactericidal mechanisms of action of Fluopsin C and the semi-purified fraction F4A were elucidated. The results found in electron microscopy [scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM)] demonstrated that both Fluopsin C and F4A are affecting the cytoplasmatic membrane of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. These results were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, where these bacteria presented permeabilization of their cytoplasmatic membranes after contact with the semi-purified fraction and pure compound. Using electronic and fluorescence microscopy, along with bacterial mutant strains with marked divisional septum, the membrane was defined as the primary target of Fluopsin C in the tested bacteria.

Freqüência cardíaca máxima em esteira ergométrica em diferentes horários / Frecuencia cardíaca máxima en cinta ergométrica a diferentes horarios / Maximal heart rate on treadmill at different times

Como muitas medidas do desempenho humano apresentam variações circadianas que parecem acompanhar o ritmo da temperatura corporal, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a freqüência cardíaca máxima (FCmax) no teste de Bruce (Tbruce) em diferentes horários do dia. Foram estudados 11 indivíduos do gênero masculino, com 22,0 ± 1,6 anos, fisicamente ativos e do cronotipo intermediário. Observaram-se FC de repouso (FCrep), FC máxima (FCmax), percepção de esforço (PE) e tempo até a exaustão (TBruce). Para medir a FC, foi utilizado o cardiofreqüencímetro Polar Vantage NV. A PE foi obtida pela escala de Borg (6-20). Aplicou-se o protocolo de Bruce para esteira ergométrica, até a exaustão, em seis horários distintos: 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 e 24:00 horas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância para medidas repetidas, seguida do teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) e ao ajuste Cosinor para identificação de padrões rítmicos. Houve diferença significativa entre a FCrep das 15:00 e 24:00 horas (67,2 ± 6,9 e 60,4 ± 6,4bpm) e na FCmax das 12:00 e 24:00 horas (197,4 ± 7,9 e 191,3 ± 5,8bpm). Não foi observada diferença na PE e no TBruce. Foi encontrada ritmicidade em um indivíduo na FCrep, um na FCmax e dois no TBruce. Concluiu-se que, em condições não controladas, mantendo-se as atividades diárias, tanto a FCrep quanto a Fcmax apresentam valores mais baixos por volta das 24:00 horas, sem perda no desempenho aeróbio máximo e sem alteração da PE. Esses achados devem ser considerados na avaliação aeróbia e na prescrição de exercícios em horários mais tardios.

The aim of this study was to compare the maximal heart rate (HRmax) in the Bruce test (TBruce) at different times of the day, since several measurements of the human performance present circadian variations which seem to follow the body temperature rhythm. Eleven male individuals, with 22.0 ± 1.6 years, physically active and from the intermediate chronotype were studied. The resting HR (HRres), maximal HR (HRmax), perceived exertion (PE) and time until exhaustion (TBruce) were observed. The Polar Vantage NV cardiofrequencymeter was used in order to measure the HR. The PE was obtained through the Borg's scale (6-20). The protocol by Bruce for treadmill was applied until exhaustion, at 6 different times: 9:00; 12:00; 15:00; 18:00; 21:00 and 24:00 hours. The results were submitted to the variance analysis for repeated measurements, followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05) and the Cosinor adjustment for identification of rhythmic patterns. There was significant difference between the HRres of the 15:00 and 24:00 h (67.2 ± 6.9 and 60.4 bpm) and in the HR max of the 12:00 and 24:00 hours (197.4 ± 7.9 and 191.3 ± 5.8 bpm). No difference was identified in the PE and in the TBruce. Rhythmicity was found in 1 individual in the HRres, 1 in the HRmax and 2 in the TBruce. It was concluded that in uncontrolled conditions, whenever daily activities are kept, both HRres and HRmax present lower indices around 24:00 hours, with no loss in the maximal aerobic performance and no PE alteration. These findings should be considered in the aerobic evaluation and in the exercises prescription at later times.

Debido a que muchas medidas de desempeño humano presentan variaciones circadianas que parecen acompañar el ritmo de la temperatura corporal, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido el de comparar la frecuencia cardíaca máxima (FCmax) en el test de Bruce (TBruce) en diferentes horarios del día. Fueron estudiados 11 individuos del género masculino, con 22,0 ± 1,6 años, físicamente activos y de cronotipo intermedio. Se observó la FC de reposo (FCrep), FC máxima (FCmax), percepción de esfuerzo (PE) y tiempo hasta la extenuación (TBruce). Para medir la FC se usó el cardiofrecuencímetro Polar Vantage NV. La PE se obtuvo por la escala de Borg (6-20). Se aplicó el protocolo de Bruce para cinta ergométrica, hasta la extenuación, en 6 horarios distintos: 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00 y 24:00 horas. Los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza para medidas repetidas, seguida del test de Tukey (p < 0,05) y al ajuste Cosinor para identificación de los padrones rítmicos. Hubo diferencia significativa entre la FCrep de las 15:00 y 24:00 h (67,2 ± 6,9 y 60,4 ± 6,4 bpm) y en la FCmax de las 12:00 y 24:00 horas (197,4 ± 7,9 y 191,3 ± 5,8 bpm). No fue observada diferencia en la PE y en el TBruce. Se encontró ritmo en 1 individuo en la FCrep, 1 en la FCmax y 2 en el TBruce. A partir de esto se concluyó que, en condiciones no controladas, manteniéndose las actividades diarias, tanto la FCrep, como la Fcmax, presentan valores más bajos alrededor de las 24:00 horas, sin pérdida en el desempeño aeróbico máximo y sin alteración de PE. Estos resultados deben ser considerados en la evaluación aeróbica y en la prescripción de ejercicios en horarios más tardíos.