Antibacterial Activities of Methanolic Seeds Extract of Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) against Gram Positive Staphylococcus aureus & Gram-Negative Escherichia coli.

Evaluation of the in vitro antibacterial activity of Methanolic extracts isolated from Black pepper seeds (Piper nigrum L.) against two infection causing pathogens, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Between July 2022 and June 2023, this experimental study was conducted at the Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics in conjunction with the Department of Microbiology. Using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods, the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of black pepper seeds (MBPE) was evaluated at various doses. The solvents Methanol and 10.0% Di Methyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) were used to make the extract. Using the broth dilution procedure, the conventional antibiotic Ciprofloxacin was utilized and the outcome was contrasted with that of Methanol extracts. Methanolic extract of black pepper seeds (MBPE) at seven distinct concentrations (100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 10 and 5 mg/ml) were utilized, then later in chosen concentrations as needed to confirm the extracts' more precise margin of antimicrobial sensitivity. At 80 mg/ml and above doses of the MBPE, it had an inhibitory impact against the aforementioned microorganisms. For Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli the MIC were 60 and 75 mg/ml in MBPE respectively. As of the MIC of Ciprofloxacin was 1µg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In comparison to MICs of MBPE for the test organisms, the MIC of Ciprofloxacin was the lowest. This study clearly shows that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are sensitive to the methanolic extract of black pepper seeds' antibacterial properties.

A Neonate Born with Holoprosencephaly Sequence of A Gestational Diabetic Mother: A Rare Case.

Holoprosencephaly is a rare spectrum of congenital malformation associated with midline facial defects and absence of olfactory tract. Sequence occurs at 4th to 8th week of gestational age due to failure or incomplete diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon. It is most common brain malformation with an incidence 1:250 in conceptuses and associated with a high rate of spontaneous abortion, and prevalence of 1:16000 in live borns. The etiopathogenesis of holoprosencephaly is heterogeneous and multifactorial, may be environmental, metabolic factors or teratogenic including insulin-dependent maternal diabetes, alcohol consumption. In this study, we described a case of holoprosencephaly neonate with 34 weeks gestational age and antenatal ultrasonography diagnosed as congenital defects in the central nervous system, asymmetric growth of head. After birth the infant was presented with multiple congenital anomalies (cleft lip, cleft palate, microphthalmia, absent philtrum, absent nasal septum with single naris) similar to holoprosencephaly sequence.