RESUMO
BACKGROUND: An intrauterine device (IUD) is a well-accepted means of reversible contraception. Migration of IUD to the bladder through partial or complete perforation has been rarely reported. This phenomenon could be strongly associated with history of prior cesarean sections (C-section) or early insertion of the device in the postpartum period. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, a case of copper IUD migration through cesarean scar defect is presented, in such a way that was successfully managed by cystoscopic removal. A 31-year-old female with a history of lower urinary symptoms referred to the clinic for her secondary infertility work-up. A copper IUD outside the uterus in the bladder was found using hysterosalpingraphy. A plain abdominal radiography also confirmed the presence of a T-shaped IUD in the pelvis. According to ultrasound, the copper IUD was partly in the bladder lumen and within the bladder wall. The patient had a history of an intrauterine device insertion eight years ago followingher second cesarean delivery. Three years later, her IUD was expelled, and another copper IUD was inserted. Thesecond copper IUD was alsoremoved while she decided to be pregnant. The patient finally underwent a hysteroscopic cystoscopy. The intrauterine device with its short arms embedded in the bladder wall was successfully extracted through the urethra. CONCLUSIONS: IUD insertion seems to be more challenging in women with prior uterine incisions and requires more attention. Cystoscopic removal should be considered as a safe and effective minimally invasive approach tomanage a migrated intrauterine device in the bladder.
RESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Modern methods of caries prevention concentrated on natural ingredients usage such as probiotics and polyphenols that are safer for young children with Streptococcus mutans inhibitory properties. The purpose of this study was to compare antibacterial effects of different concentration of Cyperus rotundus extract and chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.2% mouthwash on S. mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, the antibacterial effectiveness of the C. rotundus extract and CHX was compared with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test in tube, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test in solid medium, and disc diffusion for measurement of inhibition zone. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, one sample t-test, and independent sample t-test statistical methods by SPSS. 24 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA). RESULTS: MIC and MBC values of the C. rotundus extract were obtained 225 and 450 mg/ml, respectively, for S. mutans and 108 and 225 mg/ml for L. acidophilus, which are more than CHX (0.5, 1 res.). The inhibition zone increased in a dose-dependent manner but lower than CHX. CONCLUSION: The C. rotundus extract had antibacterial effects (bactericide and bacteriostatic) on S. mutans and L. acidophillus. Although this effect was lower than CHX. With regard to adverse effect of CHX, this extract can be a potential antibacterial agent.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies have hypothesized that periodontal diseases may increase the risk of preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to compare periodontal parameters in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women 48 hours after delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was carried out on 26 pure preeclamptic women and 25 women with normal pregnancy. The participants did not have any systemic disease that may affect both preeclampsia and periodontal conditions. Clinical parameters measured in case and control groups include attachment loss, gingival bleeding index, and plaque index. These indices were measured in all teeth except the third molars. The data from each subject were reported in mean and finally the average amount of each group was compared to others and analyzed using SPSS software, t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Mean of gestational age at delivery in preeclamptic and normotensive groups was respectively 33.2 ± 3.89 weeks and 36.5 ± 3.08 weeks. A significant difference was observed in preeclamptic women compared to controls (P = 0.01). There were no statistical differences between groups with regard to mean clinical attachment loss (P = 0.16), mean gingival bleeding (P = 0.89), and mean plaque (P = 0.95) indices. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that maternal periodontal diseases during pregnancy are not associated with preeclampsia.