Feasibility Of Landfill Establishment In Khomeynishahr City Of Isfahan Using Gis, Mce And Boolean Logic

@#Land filling is the most common disposal method in most parts of the world and landfill site has always been the final destination in solid waste management hierarchy. Thus, the selection of landfill site is always an essential part in the management of solid waste. Selecting an appropriate site for landfill minimizes any unwarranted ecological and socio-economic effects. Hence, landfill site selection requires a detailed analysis of the area that must be able to meet the local authority requirement and criteria. The present study presents a feasibility assessment of landfill establishment for Khomeynishahr city in Isfahan, applying a multi criteria evaluation (MCE) method using GIS technique. Information layers related to topography, soil, water table, sensitive habitats, land use and geology maps were prepared and superposed using Boolean logic in GIS environment. Essential analysis and regulation, criteria and site selection assessment showed that because of many limitations khomeynishahr city doesn’t have adequate conditions for landfill site establishment. Khomeynishahr city has a dense population and limited area and is not suitable for landfill establishment. In this case consideration of adjacent cities and finding a common landfill site between two or more cities could be a viable solution of solving this problem.

Cardiac renin-angiotensin system (gene expression) and plasma angiotensin II in chickens with T3-induced pulmonary hypertension.

The relative expression of renin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) was performed using quantitative real-time PCR on tissue from the heart ventricles to investigate the effect of 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T3)-induced pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) in broiler chickens at 12 and 42 d of age. Plasma angiotensin II was also measured using enzyme immunoassay at 12, 21, 28, 32 and 42 d. Renin transcript in the right ventricle of the treated group was significantly increased at 12 d and decreased at 42 d of age compared to controls. ACE transcript in the left ventricle of the treated group was significantly increased at 42 d of age compared to controls. In the right ventricle, the expression of this gene was significantly increased at 12 d while decreased at 42 d of age in the treated group compared to control. AT1R transcript in the right ventricle of the treated group was significantly increased at 12 and 42 d of age compared to control. In the left ventricle of the treated group, the transcript of this gene was only higher at 12 d of age than control. Plasma angiotensin II was significantly increased in pulmonary hypertensive chickens at 28 d of age compared to control. It is concluded that gene expression of renin, ACE and AT1R was relatively upregulated in the heart of chickens developing pulmonary hypertension. The right ventricle of hearts from pulmonary hypertensive chickens showed considerable reductions of renin/ACE and elevation of AT1R which may provide evidence of diminished responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin system.

In vitro effect of nanosilver on gene expression of superoxide dismutases and nitric oxide synthases in chicken Sertoli cells.

To evaluate effects of different concentrations of nanosilver colloid on the cell culture of Sertoli cells, the proportion of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide (NO) production and genes expression of superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2) and nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and iNOS) were measured. Sertoli cells were incubated at concentrations of 25, 75 and 125 ppm nanosilver for 48 h. There was progressive lipid peroxidation in treatments according to increasing of nanosilver. Lipid peroxidation, as indicated by malondialdehyde levels, was significantly elevated by the highest concentration of silver colloid (125 ppm), although antioxidant capacity, as measured by ferric ion reduction, was unaffected. Nitrite, as an index of NO production was reduced only in 125 ppm of nanosilver. Expression of SOD1 gene was reduced in nanosilver-treated cells at all concentrations, whereas expression of SOD2 gene was reduced only in cells treated with 125 ppm nanosilver. Expression of iNOS gene was progressively increased with higher concentrations of nanosilver. Expression of eNOS gene was also increased in 125 ppm of nanosilver. In conclusion, toxic effects of nanosilver could be due to high lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant mechanisms via reduced expression of SOD genes and increased expression of NOS genes.

Diminished gene expression of cardiac heat shock proteins in pulmonary hypertensive chickens.

1. The relative expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes (HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) was performed using quantitative real-time PCR on tissue from the heart ventricles to investigate the effect of 3,5,3'-l-triiodothyronine (T3)-induced pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens. 2. The ratio of the right ventricle to total ventricle (index of pulmonary hypertension) was increased in the treated groups at 12 and 42 d of age compared to controls but was significant only at 42 d. 3. The HSP genes were expressed in the right and left ventricles of control but T3-treated broilers at 12 and 42 d of age. The relative amounts of HSP60 and HSP90 gene expression in the right ventricle of treated groups were significantly increased at 12 d and decreased at 42 d of age compared to controls. 4. Variations of HSP60 and HSP90 mRNAs in the left ventricle were not significant. The relative amount of HSP70 mRNA expression in the right and left ventricles of treated groups was significantly decreased at 42 d of age compared to controls. HSP70 mRNA expression did not differ between the right and left ventricles at 12 d of age. 5. It is concluded that gene expression of HSPs (i.e. HSP60 and HSP90) was upregulated in the heart of chickens developing pulmonary hypertension syndrome, probably to delay the pathological process of disease. The right ventricle from hearts of pulmonary hypertensive chickens showed considerable reductions of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90, which is evidence of a loss of compensatory responsiveness in dilated heart.

Novel strategy for diameter-selective separation and functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes.

The problem of separating single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by diameter and/or chirality is one of the greatest impediments toward the widespread application of these promising materials in nanoelectronics. In this paper, we describe a novel physical-chemical method for diameter-selective CNT separation that is both simple and effective and that allows up-scaling to large volumes at modest cost. Separation is based on size-selective noncovalent matching of an appropriate anchor molecule to the wall of the CNT, enabling suspension of the CNTs in solvents in which they would otherwise not be soluble. We demonstrate size-selective separation in the 1-2 nm diameter range using easily synthesized oligo-acene adducts as a diameter-selective molecular anchor. CNT field effect transistors fabricated from diameter-selected CNTs show markedly improved electrical properties as compared to nonselected CNTs.

Selective placement of carbon nanotubes on metal-oxide surfaces.

We describe a method to selectively position carbon nanotubes on Al2O3 and HfO2 surfaces. The method exploits the selective binding of alkylphosphonic acids to oxide surfaces with large isoelectric points (i.e. basic rather than acidic surfaces). We have patterned oxide surfaces with acids using both microcontact printing and conventional lithography. With proper choice of the functional end group (e.g., -CH3 or -NH2), nanotube adhesion to the surface can be either prevented or enhanced.