RESUMO
Cytomorphological signs of epithelial cells were analyzed in scraping off the cervix uteri of 607 women living in the zone of increased radiation background. The examined group consisted mainly of women aged 30 to 50. In 9.3% (57 cases) dysplastic changes in the squamous epithelium were revealed, among which slight dysplasia predominated -- basal-cell hyperactivity (40 cases). No cases of malignant transformation were detected. The authors noted some signs which commonly do not occur in the absence of an increased radiation background and may be conditionally regarded as a result of indirect effect of radiation on female cells.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/efeitos da radiação , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Colo do Útero/patologia , Epitélio/patologia , Epitélio/efeitos da radiação , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Centrais Elétricas , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Lesões por Radiação/patologia , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Federação Russa , Ucrânia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Esfregaço VaginalRESUMO
The causes of errors in cytological diagnosis in 615 patients with carcinoma and benign lesions of the lung and in 847 patients with those of oesophagus are studied and systematized. Percentage of errors was 15.93 for the lung diseases and 4.48 for diseases of the oesophagus. The error causes are subdivided into objective and subjective ones.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Biópsia , Citodiagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Erros de Diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Esôfago/patologia , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirurgiaRESUMO
Multifactorial statistical analysis was used to identify differential diagnostic cytological features of glandular hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Twelve cytological features were identified for calculating linear discriminant function. The effectiveness of the diagnostic algorithm depends upon the diagnostic value of the sample and proficiency of the cytologist.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiologia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Algoritmos , Citodiagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Computador , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Análise Discriminante , Hiperplasia Endometrial/epidemiologia , Hiperplasia Endometrial/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Análise Multivariada , Neoplasias Uterinas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologiaAssuntos
Neoplasias/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Técnicas Citológicas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Reações Falso-Negativas , Humanos , Cuidados Intraoperatórios/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/cirurgiaAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Oncologia/métodos , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Registros Médicos Orientados a Problemas , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Oncologia/tendências , Prognóstico , Federação Russa , Displasia do Colo do Útero/terapia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapiaRESUMO
A study was made of the cytological criteria of various degrees of radiation pathomorphosis of soft tissue cancers and sarcomas in different dose fractionation regimens and varying time of a preoperative interval. Combinations of the main and additional parenchymatous and stromal cytological signs, reflecting pathomorphosis of I-IV degrees were singled out. Schemes of cytological prediction of a direct effect of tumor radiation exposure were drawn up on the basis of regularities of changes in cellular pictures, obtained from diagnostic data before irradiation.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/radioterapia , Sarcoma/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Técnicas Citológicas , Feminino , Humanos , Prognóstico , Tolerância a Radiação , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Sarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologiaRESUMO
The paper summarizes the cytologic features of tumor and non-tumor pathology of the pancreas observed in 108 cases. Cytologic examination proved highly (90%) reliable in differential diagnosis of pancreatic pathology. A cytologic classification of pancreatic lesions is suggested.
Assuntos
Pancreatopatias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Biópsia por Agulha , Citodiagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Masculino , Pâncreas/patologia , Pancreatopatias/classificação , Pancreatopatias/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/classificação , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundárioRESUMO
Computerized multifactorial analysis of 56 cytologic features was performed in 135 cases suffering glandular and atypical hyperplasia and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma (45 patients in each group). The established regularities enabled students to differentiate between hyperplasia and cancer in 95% of cases in classes and in 73-83% at examination.
Assuntos
Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hiperplasia Endometrial/patologia , Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , U.R.S.S. , Neoplasias Uterinas/patologiaRESUMO
The cytograms of smears, obtained in bronchoscopic examinations of 59 patients with bronchial epithelium dysplasia and 44 patients with initial forms of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung are analyzed. A histologic control has been made in all the cases. The authors classify the cytomorphologic criteria, they have statistically processed 140 signs, minimizing their number and selecting their combinations for the differential diagnosis between dysplasia and carcinoma of the lung. Cytologically dysplasia in squamous-cell metaplasia of the bronchial epithelium and dysplasia of the cylindrical epithelium have been distinguished. Three degrees of dysplasia have been singled out: (I) weak, (II) moderate, (III) grave.
Assuntos
Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Displasia Broncopulmonar/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologiaAssuntos
Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/prevenção & controle , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Citodiagnóstico/normas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Assistentes Médicos , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , U.R.S.S.Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Citodiagnóstico , Humanos , Período Intraoperatório , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
Cytomorphologic characteristics of bronchial epithelium have been examined in 58 patients with central lung cancer (42 patients in stage T1N0M0 and 16 in stage T1N1M0 and 84 patients with nonneoplastic diseases (tuberculosis, hamartoma, sarcoidosis, or chronic nonspecific inflammation), using smears from bronchial mucosa, imprints from tissue pieces biopsied on bronchoscopy, scrapings from lesions and surrounding tissues, and transthoracic puncture samples. In 34 of the 58 cancer patients, the changes in bronchial epithelium were categorized as moderate to severe dysplasia. A scheme summarizing malignant transformation of bronchial epithelium is proposed. It is shown that bronchial epithelial dysplasia can be recognized by cytologic examination, which may be used to advantage in screening subjects for early detection of lung cancer.
Assuntos
Brônquios/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Humanos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Major goals and principles of stage-by-stage diagnosis of malignant tumors are formulated. Application of different diagnostic procedures carried out at the preoperative (pre-treatment), intraoperative and postoperative stages of clinical treatment are discussed.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Citodiagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Técnicas de Diagnóstico por Cirurgia , Endoscopia , Humanos , Laparoscopia , Metástase Linfática , Métodos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
Cytologic examination of scrapings from the uterine cervix was carried out in 498 patients in whom moderate or severe dysplasia of the squamous epithelium or suspicion for cancer were established in the course of gynecologic screening. The said pathology was diagnosed in 0.63% of screeneses. Cytologic follow-up of 57 cases of severe dysplasia established that, in patients over 40 years of age, it tended to progress to Ca in situ. This tendency was registered within 6-36 months and continued after a second biopsy. Severe dysplasia did not recur in the 20-40 year-old group. The extent of cervical biopsy (excision or conization) in severe dysplasia should be considered versus patients' age.