Hybrid Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy for Carcinoma Oesophagus: Experience at Tertiary Care Centre in North Karnataka.

Surgery remains the mainstay for curative treatment of carcinoma of midthoracic and lower thoracic oesophagus. In the twentieth century, open esophagectomy was the standard of care. In the twenty-first century, treatment for carcinoma oesophagus has revolutionized with incorporation of neoadjuvant treatment and application of various minimally invasive techniques for esophagectomy. At present, there is no consensus about the optimum position to perform minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). We share our experience of MIE with modification in the port position in this article.

Rare Opportunistic Bread Mold Fungal Infection of Maxillary Sinus in a Diabetic Patient.

Mucormycosis is a rare potentially fatal opportunistic fungal infection that affects human beings. Normally, a healthy is immune to such infections but there are some risk factors which predispose a person to mucormycosis, of which malnutrition and diabetes mellitus are the most common risk factors. India is the most commonly affected country by mucormycosis because of high proportion people with low socioeconomic status and diabetes mellitus. In diabetes mellitus, mucormycosis is more aggressive and fatal due to an impaired host defense mechanism. In spite of being a rare and fatal fungal infection, early diagnosis and prompt multidisciplinary treatment comprising control of underlying predisposing factor, surgical management, and medical management can be helpful in such cases.