RESUMO
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension and is associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk than essential hypertension. The aim of this consensus is to provide practical clinical recommendations for its surgical and medical treatment, pathology study and biochemical and clinical follow-up, as well as for the approach in special situations like advanced age, pregnancy and chronic kidney disease, from a multidisciplinary perspective, in a nominal group consensus approach of experts from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC), Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spanish Radiology Society (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC(ML)), Spanish Society of Anatomic-Pathology and Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC).
RESUMO
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent cause of secondary hypertension (HT), and is associated with a higher cardiometabolic risk than essential HT. However, PA remains underdiagnosed, probably due to several difficulties clinicians usually find in performing its diagnosis and subtype classification. The aim of this consensus is to provide practical recommendations focused on the prevalence and the diagnosis of PA and the clinical implications of aldosterone excess, from a multidisciplinary perspective, in a nominal group consensus approach by experts from the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN), Spanish Society of Cardiology (SEC), Spanish Society of Nephrology (SEN), Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (SEMI), Spanish Radiology Society (SERAM), Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (SERVEI), Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine (SEQC(ML)), Spanish Society of Anatomic-Pathology, Spanish Association of Surgeons (AEC).
RESUMO
The diagnosis and management of mitral and tricuspid valve disease have undergone major changes in the last few years. The expansion of transcatheter interventions and widespread use of new imaging techniques have altered the recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Because of the exponential growth in the number of publications and clinical trials in this field, there is a strong need for continuous updating of local protocols. The recently published 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease did not include some of the new data on these new therapies and, moreover, the number of mitral and tricuspid interventions varies widely across Europe. Therefore, all this information must be summarized to facilitate its use in each specific country. Consequently, we present the consensus document of the Section on Valvular Disease, Cardiovascular Imaging, Clinical Cardiology, and Interventional Cardiology Associations of the Spanish Society of Cardiology for the diagnosis and management of mitral and tricuspid valve disease.
