Prevalencia e incidencia de ictus en Europa: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis / Prevalence and incidence of ictus in Europe: systematic review and meta-analysis

Fundamento. El ictus es la segunda causa de muerte y la primera causa de discapacidad en Europa. El número de pacientes con ictus muestra una tendencia de crecimiento rápido debido al aumento de la población anciana. El objetivo de este metaanálisis es estimar la prevalencia e incidencia de ictus en Europa. Método. Se buscaron artículos en las bases de datos MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete y EMBASE con los términos “stroke”, “cerebrovascular accident” combinadas con “epidemiology”, “prevalence”, “incidence” y “Europe”. La calidad y el riesgo de sesgo se analizó con las escalas Hoy modificada y Newcastle Ottawa para los artículos de prevalencia e incidencia, respectivamente. El metaanálisis utilizó un modelo de efectos aleatorios con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) y el estadístico I2 para estimar la heterogeneidad. Resultados. La prevalencia de ictus en Europa ajustada por sexo fue 9,2% (IC95%: 4,4-14,0); en hombres fue 9,1% (IC95%: 4,7-16,6) y en mujeres 9,2% (IC95%: 4,1-14,4); se encontró una tendencia creciente con el aumento de la edad. La incidencia de ictus ajustada por sexo fue 191,9 por 100.000 personas-año (IC95%: 156,4-227,3); en hombres fue de 195,7 por 100.000 personas-año (IC95%: 142,4-249,0) y en mujeres 188,1 por 100.000 personas-año (IC95%: 138,6-237,7), con igual tendencia creciente con el aumento de la edad. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de ictus en Europa alcanza un 9,2%. La incidencia se sitúa en 191,9 por 100.000 personas-año. La prevalencia de ictus ha aumentado mientras que la incidencia se mantiene estable en comparación con estudios realizados a comienzos del siglo XXI.(AU)

Background. Stroke is the second cause of death and the first cause of disability in Europe. The number of stroke patients shows a rapidly increasing due to the increase in the elderly population. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of stroke in Europe. Method. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete and EMBASE, using the keywords “stroke”, “cerebrovascular accident”, “epidemiology”, “prevalence”, “incidence” and “Europe”. In order to evaluate the quality and risk of bias, we used the Hoy’s modified scale for prevalence studies and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for incidence studies. A random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was used for the meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity. Results. The prevalence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was estimated at 9.2% (95%CI: 4.4-14.0). The prevalence was 9.1% (95%CI: 4.7-13.6) in men and 9.2% (95%CI: 4.1-14.4) in women, and increased with age. The incidence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was 191.9 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 156.4-227.3); it was 195.7 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 142.4-249.0) in men and 188.1 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 138.6-237.7) in women. Again, these rates increased with age. Conclusion. The prevalence of stroke in Europe is 9.2%. The incidence of stroke in Europe is 191.9 per 100000 person-years. The prevalence of stroke has increased, whereas the incidence of stroke is stable in comparison with studies conducted at the beginning of the 21st century.(AU)

[Prevalence and incidence of ictus in Europe: systematic review and meta-analysis].

BACKGROUND: Stroke is the second cause of death and the first cause of disability in Europe. The number of stroke patients shows a rapidly increasing due to the increase in the elderly population. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of stroke in Europe. METHOD: We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete and EMBASE, using the keywords "stroke", "cerebrovascular accident", "epidemiology", "prevalence", "incidence" and "Europe". In order to evaluate the quality and risk of bias, we used the Hoy's modified scale for prevalence studies and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for incidence studies. A random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was used for the meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: The prevalence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was estimated at 9.2% (95%CI: 4.4-14.0). The prevalence was 9.1% (95%CI: 4.7-13.6) in men and 9.2% (95%CI: 4.1-14.4) in women, and increased with age. The incidence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was 191.9 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 156.4-227.3); it was 195.7 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 142.4-249.0) in men and 188.1 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 138.6-237.7) in women. Again, these rates increased with age. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of stroke in Europe is 9.2%. The incidence of stroke in Europe is 191.9 per 100,000 person-years. The prevalence of stroke has increased, whereas the incidence of stroke is stable in comparison with studies conducted at the beginning of the 21st century.

Trends in mortality from stroke in the European Union, 1996-2015.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is the second largest single cause of death in Europe, responsible for 9% and 13% of all deaths in men and women, respectively. There have been large overall declines in stroke mortality rates in the majority of European countries in recent decades. The aim of this study was to analyse trends in mortality caused by stroke in the 28 member countries of the European Union (EU) over the last two decades. METHODS: We extracted data for age-standardized stroke mortality rates per 100 000 in the EU for the period 1996-2015 from the World Health Organization database. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyse the trends and compute the annual percent change (APC) in the EU as a whole and by country. Analyses were conducted by gender and by European region. RESULTS: Mortality from stroke has decreased in the EU over the study period by an average APC of 4.2%. All countries showed downward trends, with the sharpest decreases in Estonia, Portugal and Austria. We recorded statistically significant decreases of 4.2% and 4.3% in mortality rates in men and women, respectively, in the whole EU. Southern and western countries showed the steepest decreases, whereas mortality has increased in northern countries in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke mortality has decreased in the EU, in both sexes, especially in southern and western European countries. Our results could be a reference for the development of primary prevention and acute management of stroke policies focused on countries with higher mortality.

Meta-analysis of prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in infants

BACKGROUND: Wheezing affects children's quality of life, and is related with asthma in childhood. Although prevalence of wheezing has been previously studied in several countries, there is no reference of worldwide prevalence in infants. The aim of this meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in infants aged up to two years, and compare the prevalence across world regions. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, looking for observational studies published up to June 2016, including as keywords "prevalence" or "epidemiology" combined with "wheeze", "wheezing" or "asthma symptoms" and "infant" or "preschool". Fast*Pro software and random effects Bayesian model were used. Heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: We identified 109 studies after duplicates were removed. After exclusions, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing were 36.06% (95% CI 35.17-36.96), and 17.41% (95% CI 16.74-18.09), respectively. In European countries, prevalence of wheezing was 30.68% (95% CI 28.97-32.45), and 12.35% (95% CI 11.27-13.47) for recurrent wheezing. Prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in Latin America were higher, 40.55% (95% CI 39.40-41.71), and 19.27% (95% CI 18.44-20.11), respectively. In Africa, prevalence of wheezing was 15.97% (95% CI 14.05-18.00). Low or no heterogeneity was found in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of infants suffer from wheezing and almost one fifth from recurrent wheezing, being these illnesses especially prevalent in Latin American countries, pointing out an important public health problem

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Influence of the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy in the development of wheezing and eczema in infants in Pamplona, Spain

Background: This study examined the relationship between different food groups and the adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the risk of wheezing and eczema in children aged 12-15 months. Methods: The study involves 1087 Spanish infants from the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). The study of the association of the different food consumption and Mediterranean diet with wheezing, recurrent wheezing and eczema was performed using different models of unconditional logistic regression to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: No association was found between a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the development of wheezing (p = 0.372), recurrent wheezing (p = 0.118) and eczema (p = 0.315). The consumption once or twice a week of white fish (OR: 1.95[1.01-3.75]), cooked potatoes (OR: 1.75[1.22-2.51]) and industrial pastry (OR: 1.59[1.13-2.24]), and the consumption more than three times a week of industrial pastry (OR: 1.47 [1.01-2.13]) during pregnancy increases the risk of "wheezing" at 12 months. Instead, high fruit consumption during the pregnancy has a protective effect against "wheezing" in 12-month-old infants (OR: 0.44 [0.20-0.99]). No statistically significant differences were observed between food intake during pregnancy and "recurrent wheezing". No statistically significant differences were observed between the consumption of any food during pregnancy and the presence of eczema at 12 months. Conclusions: The present study showed that the consumption of Mediterranean diet during pregnancy did not have a protective effect for wheezing, recurrent wheezing or eczema (AU)

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Meta-analysis of prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in infants.

BACKGROUND: Wheezing affects children's quality of life, and is related with asthma in childhood. Although prevalence of wheezing has been previously studied in several countries, there is no reference of worldwide prevalence in infants. The aim of this meta-analysis is to estimate the prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in infants aged up to two years, and compare the prevalence across world regions. METHODS: Literature search was conducted in MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, looking for observational studies published up to June 2016, including as keywords "prevalence" or "epidemiology" combined with "wheeze", "wheezing" or "asthma symptoms" and "infant" or "preschool". Fast*Pro software and random effects Bayesian model were used. Heterogeneity was estimated using I2 statistic, and sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: We identified 109 studies after duplicates were removed. After exclusions, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing were 36.06% (95% CI 35.17-36.96), and 17.41% (95% CI 16.74-18.09), respectively. In European countries, prevalence of wheezing was 30.68% (95% CI 28.97-32.45), and 12.35% (95% CI 11.27-13.47) for recurrent wheezing. Prevalence of wheezing and recurrent wheezing in Latin America were higher, 40.55% (95% CI 39.40-41.71), and 19.27% (95% CI 18.44-20.11), respectively. In Africa, prevalence of wheezing was 15.97% (95% CI 14.05-18.00). Low or no heterogeneity was found in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of infants suffer from wheezing and almost one fifth from recurrent wheezing, being these illnesses especially prevalent in Latin American countries, pointing out an important public health problem.

Influence of the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy in the development of wheezing and eczema in infants in Pamplona, Spain.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between different food groups and the adherence to a Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the risk of wheezing and eczema in children aged 12-15 months. METHODS: The study involves 1087 Spanish infants from the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). The study of the association of the different food consumption and Mediterranean diet with wheezing, recurrent wheezing and eczema was performed using different models of unconditional logistic regression to obtain adjusted prevalence odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: No association was found between a good adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and the development of wheezing (p=0.372), recurrent wheezing (p=0.118) and eczema (p=0.315). The consumption once or twice a week of white fish (OR: 1.95[1.01-3.75]), cooked potatoes (OR: 1.75[1.22-2.51]) and industrial pastry (OR: 1.59[1.13-2.24]), and the consumption more than three times a week of industrial pastry (OR: 1.47 [1.01-2.13]) during pregnancy increases the risk of "wheezing" at 12 months. Instead, high fruit consumption during the pregnancy has a protective effect against "wheezing" in 12-month-old infants (OR: 0.44 [0.20-0.99]). No statistically significant differences were observed between food intake during pregnancy and "recurrent wheezing". No statistically significant differences were observed between the consumption of any food during pregnancy and the presence of eczema at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that the consumption of Mediterranean diet during pregnancy did not have a protective effect for wheezing, recurrent wheezing or eczema.

Prevalencia e incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa: metaanálisis / Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis

Introducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer es el principal tipo de demencia y una enfermedad de etiología desconocida. Con el aumento de la población anciana mundial, el número de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer muestra una tendencia de crecimiento rápido. El objetivo de este metaanálisis es evaluar la prevalencia e incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa. Metodología: La búsqueda de artículos se realizó en las bases de datos Medline, Scopus y CINAHL Complete utilizando las palabras claves «Alzheimer», «Alzheimer's disease» y «AD», combinadas con «prevalence», «incidence» y «epidemiology». Se utilizó el modelo bayesiano de efectos aleatorios, mostrando intervalos de credibilidad del 95%. Para estimar la heterogeneidad se usó el estadístico I2. Resultados: La prevalencia de enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa fue 5,05% (IC del 95%, 4,73-5,39). La prevalencia por sexo en los hombres y las mujeres fue 3,31% (IC del 95%, 2,85-3,80) y 7,13% (IC del 95%, 6,56-7,72), respectivamente, y se encontró una tendencia creciente por grupos de edad. La incidencia de enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa fue 11,08 por 1.000 personas-año (IC del 95%, 10,30-11,89), siendo en los hombres y las mujeres de 7,02 por 1.000 personas-año (IC del 95%, 6,06-8,05) y 13,25 por 1.000 personas-año (IC del 95%, 12,05-14,51), respectivamente, con igual tendencia creciente con el aumento de la edad. Conclusiones: Los resultados del metaanálisis permiten una mejor comprensión de la enfermedad y su impacto en Europa (AU)

Background: A disease of unknown aetiology, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. As the elderly population grows worldwide, the number of patients with AD also increases rapidly. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of AD in Europe. Methodology: We conducted a literature search on Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete using the keywords «Alzheimer», «Alzheimer's disease», and «AD» combined with «prevalence», «incidence», and «epidemiology». A Bayesian random effects model with 95% credible intervals was used. The I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity. Results: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe was estimated at 5.05% (95% CI, 4.73-5.39). The prevalence in men was 3.31% (95% CI, 2.85-3.80) and in women, 7.13% (95% CI, 6.56-7.72), and increased with age. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe was 11.08 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 10.30-11.89). Broken down by sex, it was 7.02 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 6.06-8.05) in men and 13.25 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 12.05-14.51) in women; again these rates increased with age. Conclusions: The results of our meta-analysis allow a better grasp of the impact of this disease in Europe (AU)

The influence of gender and atopy in the relationship between obesity and asthma in childhood

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between asthma and overweight-obesity in Spanish children and adolescents and to determine whether this relationship was affected by gender and atopy. METHODS: The study involves 8607 Spanish children and adolescents from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase III. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between asthma symptoms and overweight-obesity in the two groups. Afterwards, it was stratified by sex and rhinoconjunctivitis. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-7-year-old children was 18.6% and 5.2% respectively and in 13-14 year-old teenagers was 11.4% and 1.1% respectively. Only the obese children, not the overweight children, of the 6-7 year old group had a higher risk of any asthma symptoms (wheezing ever: OR 1.68 [1.15-2.47], asthma ever: OR 2.29 [1.43-3.68], current asthma 2.56 [1.54-4.28], severe asthma 3.18 [1.50-6.73], exercise-induced asthma 2.71 [1.45-5.05]). The obese girls had an increased risk of suffering any asthma symptoms (wheezing ever: OR 1.73 [1.05-2.91], asthma ever: OR 3.12 [1.67-5.82], current asthma 3.20 [1.65-6.19], severe asthma 4.83[1.94-12.04], exercise-induced asthma 3.68 [1.67-8.08]). The obese children without rhinoconjunctivitis had a higher risk of asthma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and asthma symptoms were associated in 6-7 year-old children but not in 13-14 year-old teenagers. The association was stronger in non-atopic children and obese girls

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Trends of mortality from Alzheimer's disease in the European Union, 1994-2013.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In many countries, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has gradually become a common disease in elderly populations. The aim of this study was to analyse trends of mortality caused by AD in the 28 member countries in the European Union (EU) over the last two decades. METHODS: We extracted data for AD deaths for the period 1994-2013 in the EU from the Eurostat and World Health Organization database. Age-standardized mortality rates per 100 000 were computed. Joinpoint regression was used to analyse the trends and compute the annual percent change in the EU as a whole and by country. Analyses by gender and by European regions were conducted. RESULTS: Mortality from AD has risen in the EU throughout the study period. Most of the countries showed upward trends, with the sharpest increases in Slovakia, Lithuania and Romania. We recorded statistically significant increases of 4.7% and 6.0% in mortality rates in men and women, respectively, in the whole EU. Several countries showed changing trends during the study period. According to the regional analysis, northern and eastern countries showed the steepest increases, whereas in the latter years mortality has declined in western countries. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that AD mortality has increased in the EU, especially in eastern and northern European countries and in the female population. Our results could be a reference for the development of primary prevention policies.

The influence of gender and atopy in the relationship between obesity and asthma in childhood.

BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between asthma and overweight-obesity in Spanish children and adolescents and to determine whether this relationship was affected by gender and atopy. METHODS: The study involves 8607 Spanish children and adolescents from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood phase III. Unconditional logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between asthma symptoms and overweight-obesity in the two groups. Afterwards, it was stratified by sex and rhinoconjunctivitis. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in 6-7-year-old children was 18.6% and 5.2% respectively and in 13-14 year-old teenagers was 11.4% and 1.1% respectively. Only the obese children, not the overweight children, of the 6-7 year old group had a higher risk of any asthma symptoms (wheezing ever: OR 1.68 [1.15-2.47], asthma ever: OR 2.29 [1.43-3.68], current asthma 2.56 [1.54-4.28], severe asthma 3.18 [1.50-6.73], exercise-induced asthma 2.71 [1.45-5.05]). The obese girls had an increased risk of suffering any asthma symptoms (wheezing ever: OR 1.73 [1.05-2.91], asthma ever: OR 3.12 [1.67-5.82], current asthma 3.20 [1.65-6.19], severe asthma 4.83[1.94-12.04], exercise-induced asthma 3.68 [1.67-8.08]). The obese children without rhinoconjunctivitis had a higher risk of asthma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and asthma symptoms were associated in 6-7 year-old children but not in 13-14 year-old teenagers. The association was stronger in non-atopic children and obese girls.

Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe: A meta-analysis. / Prevalencia e incidencia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Europa: metaanálisis.

BACKGROUND: A disease of unknown aetiology, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. As the elderly population grows worldwide, the number of patients with AD also increases rapidly. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of AD in Europe. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a literature search on Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL Complete using the keywords «Alzheimer¼, «Alzheimer's disease¼, and «AD¼ combined with «prevalence¼, «incidence¼, and «epidemiology¼. A Bayesian random effects model with 95% credible intervals was used. The I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe was estimated at 5.05% (95% CI, 4.73-5.39). The prevalence in men was 3.31% (95% CI, 2.85-3.80) and in women, 7.13% (95% CI, 6.56-7.72), and increased with age. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease in Europe was 11.08 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 10.30-11.89). Broken down by sex, it was 7.02 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 6.06-8.05) in men and 13.25 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 12.05-14.51) in women; again these rates increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our meta-analysis allow a better grasp of the impact of this disease in Europe.

Prevalence and risk factors for wheezing in infants in the region of Pamplona, Spain

BACKGROUND: Wheezing in the first year of life affects the baby's and family's quality of life. Risk factors such as male gender, nursery attending or a family history of asthma, and protective factors such as breastfeeding more than six months have been previously described. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence and risk factors for wheezing ever and recurrent wheezing in the first year of life in infants in the region of Pamplona, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was part of the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). Between 2006 and 2008, participating families answered a standardised validated questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, environmental factors or family issues. An analysis with the chi square test (statistical significance p < 0.05) identified the risk factors for wheezing ever and recurrent wheezing, which were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: 1065 questionnaires were answered. The prevalence of wheezing ever and recurrent wheezing were 31.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Male gender (p=<0.001), a history of pneumonia (p=<0.001) or nursery attendance (p=<0.001) were some of the risk factors found for wheezing ever. Infant eczema (p=<0.001), nursery attendance (p=<0.001) or prematurity (p=<0.001) were risk factors for recurrent wheezing. No associations with duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.116 and p = 0.851) or mould stains at home (p = 0.153 and p = 0.992) were found. CONCLUSION: The study of prevalence and risk factors for wheezing shows the importance of this public health problem, and allows the development of control and treatment strategies against preventable factors

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[Validation of Antonovsky Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13) in a sample of university students in Navarre]. / Validación del Cuestionario de Orientación a la Vida (OLQ-13) de Antonovsky en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en Navarra.

BACKGROUND: The sense of coherence (SOC), the central concept of the salutogenesis model described by Aaron Antonovsky, has been employed as a predictor of measures of perceived and objective health. It is strongly and positively related to healthy behaviour and is mainly developed while young and studying. University students are a target youth group for applying measures promoting health according to their SOC level; it is therefore necessary to check the quality of the scale's measurement. The goal is to validate and study the psychometric properties of the SOC scale in students at the University of Navarre and determine their temporal evolution. METHODS: Newly enrolled students at the University of Navarre were analysed. Cohort study with a 3 year follow-up. The instruments used were the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Discomfort Index. The following were studied: the quality and viability of the data, scale assumptions, temporal stability, reliability, concurrent and clinical validity, as well as factorial structure and confirmatory analysis of the data obtained. SPSS v. 19 and Amos v.7 statistical software were used. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 508 students, 33.5% male and 65.9% female. High reliability (Cronbach Alpha 0.814). Adequate validity converging with the PSS. Inadequate clinical validity. Analysis of main components with three factors that explain 50.73% of the variation. CONCLUSIONS: A valid instrument that makes it possible to propose it as a tool for applying measures promoting health in young people.

Validación del Cuestionario de Orientación a la Vida (OLQ-13) de Antonovsky en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios en Navarra / Validation of Antonovsky Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13) in a sample of university students in Navarre

Fundamento: El sentido de coherencia interna (SOC), concepto central del modelo salutogénico descrito por Aaron Antonovsky, se ha empleado como predictor de medidas de salud percibida y objetiva, se relaciona fuerte y positivamente con comportamientos saludables, y se desarrolla principalmente en la juventud y en la época de estudiante. Los universitarios son un grupo de jóvenes diana para aplicar medidas promotoras de salud en función de su nivel SOC, siendo necesario comprobar la calidad de la medición de la escala. El objetivo es validar y estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala SOC en los estudiantes de la Universidad de Navarra, y conocer su evolución temporal. Sujetos y método: Se analizaron los estudiantes de nuevo acceso de la Universidad de Navarra. Estudio de cohortes con seguimiento a los tres años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario de orientación a la vida (OLQ-13), la Escala del Estrés Percibido (EEP) y el Índice de malestar. Se estudiaron la calidad de los datos y viabilidad, asunciones escalares, estabilidad temporal, fiabilidad, validez de criterio concomitante y clínica, y estructura factorial y análisis confirmatorio de los datos obtenidos. Se utilizaron los paquetes estadísticos SPSS v. 19 y Amos v.7. Resultados. La muestra ha sido de 508 estudiantes, 33,5% varones y el 65,9% mujeres. Fiabilidad alta (Alfa de Cronbach de 0,814). Adecuada validez convergente con la EEP. Inadecuada validez clínica. Análisis de componentes principales con tres factores que explican el 50,73% de la varianza. Conclusiones: Instrumento válido que permite proponerlo como herramienta para aplicar medidas promotoras de salud en jóvenes (AU)

Background: The sense of coherence (SOC), the central concept of the salutogenesis model described by Aaron Antonovsky, has been employed as a predictor of measures of perceived and objective health. It is strongly and positively related to healthy behaviour and is mainly developed while young and studying. University students are a target youth group for applying measures promoting health according to their SOC level; it is therefore necessary to check the quality of the scale's measurement. The goal is to validate and study the psychometric properties of the SOC scale in students at the University of Navarre and determine their temporal evolution. Methods: Newly enrolled students at the University of Navarre were analysed. Cohort study with a 3 year follow-up. The instruments used were the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ-13), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Discomfort Index. The following were studied: the quality and viability of the data, scale assumptions, temporal stability, reliability, concurrent and clinical validity, as well as factorial structure and confirmatory analysis of the data obtained. SPSS v. 19 and Amos v.7 statistical software were used. Results: The study sample consisted of 508 students, 33.5% male and 65.9% female. High reliability (Cronbach Alpha 0.814). Adequate validity converging with the PSS. Inadequate clinical validity. Analysis of main components with three factors that explain 50.73% of the variation. Conclusions: A valid instrument that makes it possible to propose it as a tool for applying measures promoting health in young people (AU)

Prevalence and risk factors for wheezing in infants in the region of Pamplona, Spain.

BACKGROUND: Wheezing in the first year of life affects the baby's and family's quality of life. Risk factors such as male gender, nursery attending or a family history of asthma, and protective factors such as breastfeeding more than six months have been previously described. The aim of this study is to study the prevalence and risk factors for wheezing ever and recurrent wheezing in the first year of life in infants in the region of Pamplona, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was part of the International Study of Wheezing in Infants (Estudio Internacional de Sibilancias en Lactantes, EISL). Between 2006 and 2008, participating families answered a standardised validated questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, environmental factors or family issues. An analysis with the chi square test (statistical significance p<0.05) identified the risk factors for wheezing ever and recurrent wheezing, which were assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS: 1065 questionnaires were answered. The prevalence of wheezing ever and recurrent wheezing were 31.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Male gender (p=<0.001), a history of pneumonia (p=<0.001) or nursery attendance (p=<0.001) were some of the risk factors found for wheezing ever. Infant eczema (p=<0.001), nursery attendance (p=<0.001) or prematurity (p=<0.001) were risk factors for recurrent wheezing. No associations with duration of breastfeeding (p=0.116 and p=0.851) or mould stains at home (p=0.153 and p=0.992) were found. CONCLUSION: The study of prevalence and risk factors for wheezing shows the importance of this public health problem, and allows the development of control and treatment strategies against preventable factors.

International study of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with body mass index and obesity: IPEN adult study.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) has been consistently implicated in the etiology of obesity, whereas recent evidence on the importance of sedentary time remains inconsistent. Understanding of dose-response associations of PA and sedentary time with overweight and obesity in adults can be improved with large-scale studies using objective measures of PA and sedentary time. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength, direction and shape of dose-response associations of accelerometer-based PA and sedentary time with body mass index (BMI) and weight status in 10 countries, and the moderating effects of study site and gender. METHODS: Data from the International Physical activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) Adult study were used. IPEN Adult is an observational multi-country cross-sectional study, and 12 sites in 10 countries are included. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days, completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and reported height and weight. In total, 5712 adults (18-65 years) were included in the analyses. Generalized additive mixed models, conducted in R, were used to estimate the strength and shape of the associations. RESULTS: A curvilinear relationship of accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous PA and total counts per minute with BMI and the probability of being overweight/obese was identified. The associations were negative, but weakened at higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA (>50 min per day) and higher counts per minute. No associations between sedentary time and weight outcomes were found. Complex site- and gender-specific findings were revealed for BMI, but not for weight status. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, the current Institute of Medicine recommendation of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous PA to prevent weight gain in normal-weight adults was supported. No relationship between sedentary time and the weight outcomes was present, calling for further examination. If moderator findings are confirmed, the relationship between PA and BMI may be country- and gender-dependent, which could have important implications for country-specific health guidelines.

Satisfacción laboral y factores de mejora en profesionales de atención primaria / Job satisfaction and improvement factors in primary care professionals

Fundamento. La calidad de los servicios en un sistema sanitario está relacionada con el nivel de satisfacción de sus profesionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la satisfacción laboral y jerarquizar aquellos factores capaces de mejorarla, en profesionales de atención primaria. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo realizado en 2010 en Navarra. Se remitió por correo un cuestionario validado a la población de estudio: médicos, pediatras y enfermería de atención primaria. Se recogen variables de datos sociodemográficos y autocalificación de su satisfacción laboral en escala de 1 a 10. Se solicita la jerarquización de 10 factores que puedan mejorar la satisfacción previa señalada. Se realizó comparación de medias y análisis bivariante mediante el test de la Chi cuadrado, estudiando la asociación entre variables mediante la Odds Ratio (OR). El análisis ajustado se realizó mediante regresión logística no condicional. Resultados. Se recogieron 432 cuestionarios (77,5%). La satisfacción media fue 6,7 (escala 1 a 10), más alta en enfermería. Las mujeres presentaron una media superior a los hombres (6,90: 6,34).Los trabajadores de centros de salud urbanos (OR:1,71; IC:1,10-2,65) presentaron un mayor riesgo de insatisfacción respecto a los profesionales de centros rurales. Las actividades formativas de los profesionales es elítem más valorado, seguido de razones económicas y de presión asistencial, no encontrándose diferencias por profesión. Conclusión. La satisfacción laboral es una dimensión de la gestión de calidad en atención primaria y su estudio permite identificar problemas u oportunidades de mejora con impacto en la calidad de los servicios que se ofertan (AU)

Background. The quality of services in a health system is related to the level of satisfaction of its professionals. The aim of this article is to determine job satisfaction in primary care professionals and rank those factors capable of improving it. Methodology. Descriptive study carried out in Navarre in 2010. A validated questionnaire was sent by post to the population of the study: primary care doctors, pediatricians and nurses. Variables on socio-demographic data were collected and job satisfaction was self-evaluated on a scale of 1to 10. Respondents were asked to rank 10 factors that could improve the previously mentioned satisfaction. Averages were compared and bivariate analysis was carried out using the chi-square test, studying the association between variables through the Odds Ratio (OR). The adjusted analysis was realized through unconditional logistic regression. Results. We collected 432 questionnaires (77.5%). Average satisfaction was 6.7 (scale of 1 to 10), higher in nursing. Women showed a higher average than men (6.90:6.34).The workers at urban health centers (OR: 1.71; CI: 1.10-2.65) showed a higher risk of dissatisfaction with respect to professionals at rural centers. The training activities of the professional is the most highly valued item, followed by economic questions and questions of care pressure, with no differences found by profession. Conclusion. Job satisfaction is a dimension of quality management in primary care and its study enables identification of problems or opportunities for improvement with an impact on the quality of the services offered (AU)

Validación de un cuestionario de mejora de la satisfacción laboral (CMSL ) en profesionales de atención primaria / Validation of a questionnaire on improving work satisfaction (CMSL) in primary care professionals

Fundamento. La satisfacción laboral de los profesionales sanitarios se considera un indicador de calidad en la gestión del sistema, estando relacionado con la eficacia de los servicios ofrecidos. El objetivo del estudio es la validación de un cuestionario para evaluar la mejora de la satisfacción laboral (CMSL) en una población de profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria en Navarra. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con cuestionarios autocumplimentados, siendo la población diana todos los profesionales de atención primaria (médicos, pediatras y personal de enfemería) de los centros de salud de Navarra. Se utilizó la escala Lickert para la medición de los ítems. Se recogieron datos descriptivos de sexo, años de ejercicio profesional, satisfacción laboral, estamento profesional, centro de salud y 47 ítems sobre mejora de satisfacción laboral. Se calculó la fiabilidad mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y se halló la validez de constructo mediante un análisis factorial con rotación varimax, agrupando los ítems en 9 dimensiones. Resultados. Se recogieron un total de 414 cuestionarios. Se obtuvo el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, con un valor global de 0,933. Entre 5 dimensiones se explica el 41,287% de la varianza total. La dimensión "relaciones con los pacientes" presentó la media (4,087) más alta de mejora de la satisfacción laboral y el ítem "Si pudiera eliminar la demanda injustificada" presentó una media de 4,21.Conclusiones. El cuestionario diseñado es un instrumento válido para la evaluación integral de la mejora de la satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de atención primaria. Los resultados obtenidos pueden orientar sobre qué áreas de mejora se deben implantar para mejorar la satisfacción de los profesionales(AU)

Background. Job satisfaction of health professionals is considered to be a quality indicator, as it is related to the efficacy of the services. The aim of the study is to validate a questionnaire for evaluating job satisfaction improvement in a population of health professionals in primary care in Navarre. Methodology. Descriptive study with self-completed questionnaires; the target population was all health care professionals (family doctors, pediatricians and nurses)of primary health centers of Navarre. A Lickert scale was used for measuring the items. Other variables measured were: sex, years in the profession, job satisfaction, professional status, health center, and 47 items on improving job satisfaction. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate reliability, and to evaluate construct validity factor analysis with varimax rotation, grouping the items in 9 dimensions was used. Results. A total of 414 questionnaires were collected. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.933. Forty-one point two eight seven percent (41.287%) of total variance was explained by five dimensions. The dimension "relations with patients" presented the highest average (4.087) of improvement in job satisfaction, and the item "If it were possible to eliminate unjustified demand" showed an average of 4.21. Conclusions. The questionnaire designed is a valid instrument for a comprehensive evaluation of the improvement in the job satisfaction of primary care professionals. The results obtained can indicate which areas of improvement should be implemented in order to improve the satisfaction of the professionals(AU)

[Validation of a questionnaire on improving work satisfaction (CMSL) in primary care professionals]. / Validación de un cuestionario de mejora de la satisfacción laboral (CMSL) en profesionales de atención primaria.

BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction of health professionals is considered to be a quality indicator, as it is related to the efficacy of the services. The aim of the study is to validate a questionnaire for evaluating job satisfaction improvement in a population of health professionals in primary care in Navarre. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive study with self-completed questionnaires; the target population was all health care professionals (family doctors, pediatricians and nurses) of primary health centers of Navarre. A Lickert scale was used for measuring the items. Other variables measured were: sex, years in the profession, job satisfaction, professional status, health center, and 47 items on improving job satisfaction. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate reliability, and to evaluate construct validity factor analysis with varimax rotation, grouping the items in 9 dimensions was used. RESULTS: A total of 414 questionnaires were collected. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.933. Forty-one point two eight seven percent (41.287%) of total variance was explained by five dimensions. The dimension "relations with patients" presented the highest average (4.087) of improvement in job satisfaction, and the item "If it were possible to eliminate unjustified demand" showed an average of 4.21. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire designed is a valid instrument for a comprehensive evaluation of the improvement in the job satisfaction of primary care professionals. The results obtained can indicate which areas of improvement should be implemented in order to improve the satisfaction of the professionals.