RESUMO
In the present study, genetic analyses of diversity and differentiation were performed on four Basque-Navarrese semiferal native horse breeds. In total, 417 animals were genotyped for 12 microsatellite markers. Mean heterozygosity was higher than in other horse breeds, surely as a consequence of management. Although the population size of some of these breeds has declined appreciably in the past century, no genetic bottleneck was detected in any of the breeds, possibly because it was not narrow enough to be detectable. In the phylogenetic tree, the Jaca Navarra breed was very similar to the Pottoka, but appeared to stand in an intermediate position between this and the meat breeds. Assuming that Pottoka is the breed less affected by admixture, the others gradually distanced themselves from it through varying influences from outside breeds, among other factors. In a comparative study with other breeds, the French breeds Ardanais, Comtois, and Breton were the closest to the four native breeds. Three different approaches for evaluating the distribution of genetic diversity were applied. The high intrabreed variability of Euskal Herriko Mendiko Zaldia (EHMZ) was pointed out in these analyses. In our opinion, cultural, economic, and scientific factors should also be considered in the management of these horse breeds.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Cavalos/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Animais , Cruzamento , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Frequência do Gene , EspanhaRESUMO
A random sample of 586 Basque individuals from the province of Gipuzkoa was studied for 16 genetic systems: A1A2B0, Rh, MNSs, P, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, GC, TF, AAT, ACP, AK, ADA, ESD, HP and PGM1. The results of this study indicate that the Basque population of Gipuzkoa presents certain differential values with respect to other Basque series, such as maximum values for RH*cde, AK*2 and PGM1*2+ and minimum for PGM1*1-, while the remaining alleles are located within the range of values found in the Basque population to date. It is suggested that there is intraprovincial heterogeneity, as described for Bizkaia by Aguirre et al. in 1991, and the existence of heterogeneity within the Basque population on an inter-provincial level, backing up previous studies in this respect (by Aguirre et al. in 1989 and Manzano et al. 1993).
Assuntos
Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Heterogeneidade Genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise Fatorial , França , Haplótipos , Humanos , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Características de Residência , EspanhaRESUMO
A random sample of 1,491 individuals from three Basque provinces was studied for the red-cell esterase D (ESD) polymorphism by means of isoelectric focusing. The following allele frequencies were observed: Vizcaya, ESD*1 = 0.933, ESD*2 = 0.058, ESD*5 = 0.009; Guipuzcoa, ESD*1 = 0.938, ESD*2 = 0.053, ESD*5 = 0.009; and Alava, ESD*1 = 0.894, ESD*2 = 0.088, ESD*5 = 0.018. The Basques from Vizcaya and Guipuzcoa display the lowest values for allele ESD*5 of any European population studied to date. The value obtained for this allele in the Basque population of Alava is significantly higher than those found in the other two Basque samples. This, together with the fact that Basques from Alava display the lowest ESD*1 frequency of any Basque series, suggests that there are genetic differences between Basque provinces.
Assuntos
Carboxilesterase , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/sangue , Etnicidade/genética , Frequência do Gene/genética , Alelos , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Humanos , Focalização Isoelétrica , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , EspanhaRESUMO
The 3 red-cell polymorphic systems acid phosphatase (ACP), adenosine deaminase (ADA) and esterase D (ESD) have been studied in a random sample of 1,112 individuals from the Basque country: The allelic frequencies obtained were ACP*A = 0.275, ACP*B = 0.718 and ACP*C = 0.007; ADA*2 = 0.021, and, ESD*2 = 0.066. The allelic frequencies have been compared with those of other Basque and other European populations. In comparison with Basques, significant differences were detected only for ACP, whereas as regards other Europeans significant differences were obtained with practically all the populations compared for the 3 genetic systems studied. The low values of the less frequent alleles, especially that for the ACP*C allele which is the lowest reported in Europe, are noteworthy.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Ácida/genética , Adenosina Desaminase/genética , Carboxilesterase , Hidrolases de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Genética Populacional , Frequência do Gene/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Humanos , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , EspanhaRESUMO
A random sample from the Basque population has been studied for 4 polymorphic genetic markers. The gene frequencies are AK1*1 = 0.954, PGD*A = 0.991, GC*1 = 0.663, HP*1 = 0.442. The comparison between the data obtained and other existing studies on Basques shows significant differences. The overall data on the Basque population is heterogeneous for the markers investigated, and the comparison with neighbouring non-Basque populations corroborates this heterogenity.
Assuntos
Etnicidade , Frequência do Gene , Adenilato Quinase/genética , França/etnologia , Marcadores Genéticos , Haptoglobinas/genética , Humanos , Fenótipo , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Espanha , Proteína de Ligação a Vitamina D/genéticaRESUMO
Haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase 1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene frequencies have been found for some Castillian provinces. The NADH diaphorase I, superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase, soluble oxaloacetate transaminase, soluble malate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase I and carbonic anhydrase II are non-polymorphic red cell enzymes in Caucasoids and we have verified this in Castillian samples.
Assuntos
Frequência do Gene , Marcadores Genéticos , Haptoglobinas/genética , Humanos , Fosfoglucomutase/sangue , Fosfoglucomutase/genética , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/sangue , Fosfogluconato Desidrogenase/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , EspanhaRESUMO
Human red cell delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALADH; EC 4.2.1.24) polymorphism was studied in three population samples of the Basque Country. The frequency of the ALADH2 was around 0.08 and similar to that in other European countries.
Assuntos
Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/genética , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , Sintase do Porfobilinogênio/sangue , EspanhaRESUMO
Alpha-1-antitrypsin subtypes were studied in resident (644) and native (222) individuals from the Spanish Basque Country. The gene frequencies were similar to those in other Spanish populations but the isolated valley of Arratia deviated significantly with increased frequencies of the M2 and M3 alleles and a decrease of the M1 allele.
Assuntos
alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Alelos , Frequência do Gene , Humanos , Fenótipo , EspanhaRESUMO
In samples of Arratia and Gernika populations, who are indigenous Basque ethnic groups, the frequency of the GLOI1 allele was respectively 0.457 +/- 0.042 and 0.459 +/- 0.041. Four samples belonging to Castilian populations were also studied. The results of this work suggested homogeneity between the Spanish and other populations.
