Forging structural complexity: diastereoselective synthesis of densely substituted ß-lactams with dual functional handles for enhanced core modifications.

The preparation of the ß-lactam motif containing both C-Br and N-O bonds as functional handles remains an unmet synthetic challenge. Described herein is a novel and highly diastereoselective NBS-mediated cyclization of N-alkoxy α,ß-unsaturated silyl imino ethers to furnish nearly three dozen α-bromo N-alkoxy ß-lactams. The reaction gives rapid and convenient access to structurally diverse monocyclic, spirocyclic and fused ß-lactams in moderate to good yields. The two functional handles were shown to be useful for the further elaboration of the ß-lactam core.

Advancements in dementia research, diagnostics, and care in Latin America: Highlights from the 2023 Alzheimer's Association International conference satellite symposium in Mexico City.

INTRODUCTION: While Latin America (LatAm) is facing an increasing burden of dementia due to the rapid aging of the population, it remains underrepresented in dementia research, diagnostics, and care. METHODS: In 2023, the Alzheimer's Association hosted its eighth satellite symposium in Mexico, highlighting emerging dementia research, priorities, and challenges within LatAm. RESULTS: Significant initiatives in the region, including intracountry support, showcased their efforts in fostering national and international collaborations; genetic studies unveiled the unique genetic admixture in LatAm; researchers conducting emerging clinical trials discussed ongoing culturally specific interventions; and the urgent need to harmonize practices and studies, improve diagnosis and care, and use affordable biomarkers in the region was highlighted. DISCUSSION: The myriad of topics discussed at the 2023 AAIC satellite symposium highlighted the growing research efforts in LatAm, providing valuable insights into dementia biology, genetics, epidemiology, treatment, and care.

The essential habitat role of a unique coastal inlet for a widely distributed apex predator.

Essential habitats support specific functions for species, such as reproduction, feeding or refuge. For highly mobile aquatic species, identifying essential habitats within the wider distribution range is central to understanding species ecology, and underpinning effective management plans. This study examined the movement and space use patterns of sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) in Caleta Valdés (CV), a unique coastal habitat in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Seasonal residency patterns of sharks were evident, with higher detectability in late spring and early summer and lower during autumn and winter. The overlap between the residency patterns of sharks and their prey, elephant seals, suggests that CV functions as a seasonal feeding aggregation site for N. cepedianus. The study also found sexual differences in movement behaviour, with males performing abrupt departures from CV and showing increased roaming with the presence of more sharks, and maximum detection probability at high tide. These movements could be related to different feeding strategies between sexes or mate-searching behaviour, suggesting that CV may also be essential for reproduction. Overall, this study highlights the importance of coastal sites as essential habitats for N. cepedianus and deepens our understanding of the ecological role of this apex predator in marine ecosystems.

Catalyst-Free Transfer Hydrogenation of Activated Alkenes Exploiting Isopropanol as the Sole and Traceless Reductant.

Both metal-catalyzed and organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation reactions are widely employed for the reduction of C=O and C=N bonds. However, selective transfer hydrogenation reactions of C=C bonds remain challenging. Therefore, the chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of olefins under mild conditions and in the absence of metal catalysts, using readily available and inexpensive reducing agents (i.e. primary and secondary alcohols), will mark a significant advancement towards the development of green transfer hydrogenation strategies. Described herein is an unconventional catalyst-free transfer hydrogenation reaction of activated alkenes using isopropanol as an eco-friendly reductant and solvent. The reaction gives convenient synthetic access to a wide range of substituted malonic acid half oxyesters (SMAHOs) in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic investigations point towards an unprecedented hydrogen bond-assisted transfer hydrogenation process.

Rotura traumática simultánea y bilateral del tendón del cuádriceps en un paciente fisicoculturista: informe de caso y revisión de la literatura / Simultaneous bilateral traumatic quadriceps tendon rupture in a bodybuilding patient: case report and literature review

La rotura traumática, simultánea y bilateral del tendón cuadricipital es una lesión infrecuente, generalmente asociada a otras enfermedades sistémicas tales como insuficiencia renal o trastornos endocrinos. Presentamos el caso de un varón sano y atleta de 38 años que sufrió esta lesión mientras realizaba una sentadilla en el gimnasio. (AU)

The traumatic bilateral and simultaneous quadriceps tendon rupture is a rare injury, usually associated with other systemic diseases such as renal insufficiency or endocrine disorders. We present the case of a 38-year-old healthy male athlete who sustained this injury while performing a squat at the gym. (AU)

High Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence in armadillo (Zaedyus pichiy; Xenarthra: Chlamyphoridae) populations from Mendoza, Argentina.

Armadillos are considered important reservoir hosts for Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. The first report of T. cruzi infection in pichis (Zaedyus pichiy), a small armadillo species endemic to central Argentina and Chile, dates back to 1935. However, more recent reports on T. cruzi in this species are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess T. cruzi infection and parasite load in Z. pichiy from Mendoza Province, an area endemic to human Chagas disease. Blood samples were obtained in 2014-2016 from pichis from Lavalle (low Monte), Malargüe (Patagonian steppe), and San Carlos (ecotone) departments, Mendoza Province, Argentina. The detection and quantification of T. cruzi was performed through qPCR amplification using satellite primers. Of the 265 analyzed samples, 201 (76%) were positive for T. cruzi. Parasite loads varied between < 0.1-55.8 parasite-equivalents/mL (par-eq/mL), with a median of 1.1 par-eq/mL in quantifiable samples. The prevalence was similar in Malargüe and Lavalle (85-94%), but significantly lower in pichis from San Carlos (50%). Animals from Lavalle captured after hibernation had significantly higher parasite loads (median 2.0 par-eq/mL). In Malargüe, T. cruzi infection and parasite loads were significantly lower before than after hibernation in 2016. The high prevalence and low median parasite load suggest a chronic and persistent infection of T. cruzi in pichis. Regional differences and a marked increase in precipitation during 2015-2016 could have influenced annual and seasonal infection rates of this vector-borne disease.

First report of Sarcocystis spp. (Apicomplexa, Sarcocystidae) in Lagostomus maximus (Desmarest, 1917) (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) in Argentina.

Sarcocystis is a genus of intracellular parasitic protozoa that infects various species of mammals, birds, and reptiles worldwide. At least 46 Sarcocystis species naturally infect rodents as intermediate hosts producing tissue cysts. This study aimed to provide the first report and molecular characterisation of Sarcocystis spp. in muscles from plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) in Argentina. Muscle samples of 53 plains viscachas from three provinces of Argentina were processed by homogenisation and optical microscopy to detect tissue cysts. Positive samples were analysed by PCR-sequencing, using the following markers: 18S rRNA, ITS1, and coxI. The 18S rRNA and coxI consensus sequences were aligned with other sequences from Sarcocystis spp., and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Of all animals processed, 13.2% (7/53) harboured Sarcocystis sp. cysts. 18S rRNA consensus sequences were obtained from four muscle samples and one individual cyst, and they showed 99.88-100% similarity, except for the cyst sequence, which showed 97.11% homology. Similarities of only 96-97% were recorded in the 18S rRNA fragment with other Sarcocystis spp. whose sequences are available in the GenBank. The five coxI fragment sequences obtained were 100% identical and showed an identity of 99.41-99.48% with S. canis. For ITS1 only short and low-quality sequences were obtained. In the phylogenetic trees, all the sequences from plains viscachas were positioned together in a branch separated from other Sarcocystis spp. These results could be related to new Sarcocystis spp. producing sarcocysts in plains viscachas. Besides, comprehensive cyst morphological analysis using TEM from the new Sarcocystis species will allow a description of the cyst wall ultrastructure. In this sense, further studies are needed to deepen these findings and elucidate other potential intermediate and possible definitive hosts.

Spatial and Seasonal Variations in the Bacterial Community of an Anthropogenic Impacted Urban Stream.

Environmental changes and human activities can alter the structure and diversity of aquatic microbial communities. In this work, we analyzed the bacterial community dynamics of an urban stream to understand how these factors affect the composition of river microbial communities. Samples were taken from a stream situated in Buenos Aires, Argentina, which flows through residential, peri-urban horticultural, and industrial areas. For sampling, two stations were selected: one influenced by a series of industrial waste treatment plants and horticultural farms (PL), and the other influenced by residential areas (R). Microbial communities were analyzed by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons along an annual cycle. PL samples showed high nutrient content compared with R samples. The diversity and richness of the R site were more affected by seasonality than those of the PL site. At the amplicon sequence variants level, beta diversity analysis showed a differentiation between cool-season (fall and winter) and warm-season (spring and summer) samples, as well as between PL and R sites. This demonstrated that there is spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the composition of the bacterial community, which should be considered if a bioremediation strategy is applied. The taxonomic composition analysis also revealed a differential seasonal cycle of phototrophs and chemoheterotrophs between the sampling sites, as well as different taxa associated with each sampling site. This analysis, combined with a comparative analysis of global rivers, allowed us to determine the genera Arcobacter, Simplicispira, Vogesella, and Sphingomonas as potential bioindicators of anthropogenic disturbance.

[Prevalence of burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. A cross-sectional study]. / Prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y factores asociados. Estudio de corte transversal.

The COVID-19 pandemic generated an overload of the health system and mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion of workers. Previous studies have reported elevated levels of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted through the administration of an email survey during the second wave of COVID-19 cases. Burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. The prevalence of burnout was estimated and the associated factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The 84% of the participants completed the survey (N = 133), 106 were physicians (80%), 11 administrators (8%), 9 respiratory physiologists (7%), and 7 nurses (5%). 62% were women. The prevalence of burnout was 38% (95% CI 30-47%) and it was different according to the occupation (p = < 0.001). Physicians and respiratory kinesiologists presented the highest values with a prevalence of 40% and 89% respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that were independently associated with the burnout syndrome were: being a physician (OR = 8.9; 95% CI: 1.1-71; p: 0.041) and being a respiratory kinesiologist (OR = 137.5; 95% CI: 2-262; p 0.001). The prevalence of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. Mainly in respiratory kinesiologists and physicians.

La pandemia de COVID-19 generó globalmente una sobrecarga del sistema de salud y agotamiento mental, emocional y físico del personal. Estudios previos han reportado niveles elevados del síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados del síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de la administración de una encuesta por correo electrónico durante la segunda ola de casos de COVID-19. El burnout fue evaluado mediante el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se estimó la prevalencia de burnout y se analizaron los factores asociados mediantes un análisis de regresión logística multivariado. El 84% de los participantes completo la encuesta (n 133), 106 fueron médicos (80%), 11 administrativos (8%), 9 kinesiólogos respiratorios (7%) y 7 enfermeros (5%). El 62% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de burnout fue de 38% (IC 95% 30-47%) y fue diferente según la ocupación (p < 0.001). Los médicos y los kinesiólogos respiratorios presentaron los valores más altos con una prevalencia del 40% y 89% respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado las variables que se asociaron en forma independiente al síndrome de burnout fueron: ser Médico (OR = 8.9; IC 95%: 1.1-71; p: 0.041) y ser Kinesiólogo respiratorio (OR = 137.5; IC 95%: 2-262; p 0.001). La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fue elevada. Principalmente en los kinesiólogos respiratorios y los médicos.

PD-1 is expressed in cytotoxic granules of NK cells and rapidly mobilized to the cell membrane following recognition of tumor cells.

The contribution of the T cell-related inhibitory checkpoint PD-1 to the regulation of NK cell activity is still not clear with contradictory results concerning its expression and role in the modulation of NK cell cytotoxicity. We provide novel key findings on the mechanism involved in the regulation of PD-1 expression on NK cell membrane and its functional consequences for the elimination of cancer cells. In contrast to freshly isolated NK cells from cancer patients, those from healthy donors did not express PD-1 on the cell membrane. However, when healthy NK cells were incubated with tumor target cells, membrane PD-1 expression increased, concurrent with the CD107a surface mobilization. This finding suggested that PD-1 was translocated to the cell membrane during NK cell degranulation after contact with target cells. Indeed, cytosolic PD-1 was expressed in freshly-isolated-NK cells and partly co-localized with CD107a and GzmB, confirming that membrane PD-1 corresponded to a pool of preformed PD-1. Moreover, NK cells that had mobilized PD-1 to the cell membrane presented a significantly reduced anti-tumor activity on PD-L1-expressing-tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, which was partly reversed by using anti-PD-1 blocking antibodies. Our results indicate that NK cells from healthy individuals express cytotoxic granule-associated PD-1, which is rapidly mobilized to the cell membrane after interaction with tumor target cells. This novel finding helps to understand how PD-1 expression is regulated on NK cell membrane and the functional consequences of this expression during the elimination of tumor cells, which will help to design more efficient NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.

¿Polipnea o taquipnea? Esa es la cuestión / Compliance with the recommendations for physical activity set by the WHO by public bicycle users in a Spanish municipality

RESUMEN Introducción: Polipnea y taquipnea tienen significados diferentes en diversos textos y los estudiantes de Medicina se desorientan al estudiar la Semiología de la disnea. Objetivo: Elucidar la disparidad semántica entre polipnea y taquipnea. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando los descriptores en ciencias de la salud taquipnea y polipnea. Se realizó una búsqueda en quince textos de Semiología Médica y en otros libros y revistas, impresos y electrónicos, entre ellos, la Revista Española de Cardiología (enero 1997 a diciembre 2020) en Archivos de Bronconeumología(diciembre 1964 a diciembre 2020); y se hizo el análisis etimológico de las palabras estudiadas, en Medigraphic (2012-21). Resultados: Seis de quince textos de Semiología consideran sinónimos polipnea y taquipnea; cuatro, solo emplean polipnea; y dos, taquipnea. Tres distinguen taquipnea como aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria; de polipnea, respiración superficial y rápida; dos definen taquipnea como aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria simple o con disminución de la amplitud (respiración superficial) y polipnea o hiperpnea, como aumento de la profundidad respiratoria con incremento de la frecuencia. En revistas científicas, taquipnea apareció en 192 artículos como respiración rápida y superficial; con igual significado se encontró polipnea, en 27. Según origen, taquipnea significa aceleración del ritmo respiratorio; polipnea, respiración muy frecuente y superficial, sin relación con polýpnóoos: "que sopla con fuerza" e hiperpnea significa incremento de la velocidad y amplitud de los movimientos respiratorios. Conclusiones: Polipnea y taquipnea deben considerarse equivalentes de respiración rápida y superficial; taquipnea simple, si la amplitud respiratoria es normal; e hiperpnea denomina la respiración muy frecuente y profunda.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Polypnea and tachypnea have different meanings in several texts, and medical studentsmay get confusedwith just the study of the semiology of dyspnea. Objective: Toelucidatethe semantic gap between polypnea and tachypnea. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted usinghealth science descriptors such as tachypnea and polypnea; a search was performed in 15 texts of Medical Semiology and other printed or electronic books and journals, among them, theRevista Española de Cardiología(fromJanuary 1997 to December 2020) andArchivos de Bronconeumología (from December 1964 toDecember 2020); in addition, the etymological analysis of these words was carried out in Medigraphic (2012-2021). Results: Six out of fifteen texts on semiology consider that the termspolypnea and tachypnea are synonymous; fourtexts only use polypnea; and two use the term tachypnea. Three texts distinguish tachypnea as increased respiratory rate, andpolypnea as arapid, shallow breathing; two texts define tachypnea as a simple increase in the respiratory rateor a decrease in the respiratory amplitude (shallow breathing); and polypnea or hyperpnea as the increasein depth and rate of breathing.In scientific journals, the term tachypnea was usedin 192 papersto refer to rapid, shallow breathing; andpolypnea had the same meaning in 27 articles. According to its origin, tachypnea means rapid respiratory rate; Polypnea is presented as very frequent and shallow breathing, unrelated to polýpnoos: "that blows forcefully"; while hyperpneameans an increase in the speed and amplitude of respiratory movements. Conclusions: Polypnea and tachypnea should be considered as equivalents of rapid andshallow breathing; simple tachypneaif the respiratory amplitude is normal; and hyperpnea designs a very frequent and deep breathing.

Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities.

Aim: Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). Location: Global. Taxon: All extant mammal species. Methods: Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error-checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). Results: Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life (mol.org) and accessed for individual or batch download for non-commercial use. Main conclusion: Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad-scale characterizations and model-based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species-level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.

Phase Angle and Handgrip Strength as a Predictor of Disease-Related Malnutrition in Admitted Patients: 12-Month Mortality.

Background: Phase Angle (PhA) value measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) could be considered a good marker of the patient's cell mass and cellular damage. Various studies have shown that the value of PhA is associated with an increased nutritional risk in several pathologies. However, not many studies have focused on the use of PhA as a screening tool in admitted patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of PhA to determine disease-related malnutrition (DRM) and the risk that this entails for mortality and length of stay (LOS). Methods: 570 patients admitted to the hospital for different causes were included in this retrospective observational study. Patients' nutritional risk was assessed by screening tests such as the Malnutrition Universal Screening tool (MUST) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), in addition to non-invasive functional techniques, such as BIA and handgrip strength (HGS), 24−48 h after admission. After performing an SGA as the gold standard to assess malnutrition, PhA and SPhA values were used to determine DRM. Furthermore, both samples: malnutrition status (MS) and non-malnutrition status (NMS) were compared, with SphA-Malnutrition corresponding to a diagnosis of malnutrition. Statistical analysis of the sample was conducted with JAMOVI version 2.2.2. Results: Patients with MS had lower PhA and SPhA than patients with NMS (p < 0.001). The ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.81) showed a cut-off point for MS for PhA = 5.4° (sensitivity 77.51% and specificity 74.07%) and AUC = 0.776 with a cut-off point for SPhA = −0.3 (sensitivity 81.74% and specificity 63.53%). Handgrip strength (HGS) was also observed to be a good predictor in hospitalized patients. Carrying out a comparative analysis between MS and NMS, length of stay (LOS) was 9.0 days in MS vs. 5.0 days in NMS patients (OR 1.07 (1.04−1.09, p < 0.001)). A low SPhA-malnutrition value (SPhA < −0.3) was significantly associated with a higher mortality hazards ratio (HR 7.87, 95% CI 2.56−24.24, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PhA, SPhA and HGS are shown to be good prognostic markers of DRM, LOS and mortality and could therefore be useful screening tools to complement the nutritional assessment of admitted patients.

Prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y factores asociados. Estudio de corte transversal / Prevalence of burnout in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors. A cross-sectional study

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 generó globalmente una sobrecarga del sistema de salud y agotamiento mental, emocional y físico del personal. Estudios previos han reportado niveles elevados del síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados del síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de la administración de una encuesta por correo electrónico durante la segunda ola de casos de COVID-19. El burnout fue evaluado mediante el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout Inventory. Se estimó la prevalencia de burnout y se analizaron los factores asociados mediantes un análisis de regresión logística multivariado. El 84% de los participantes completo la encuesta (n 133), 106 fueron médicos (80%), 11 administrativos (8%), 9 kinesiólogos respiratorios (7%) y 7 enfermeros (5%). El 62% fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de burnout fue de 38% (IC 95% 30-47%) y fue diferente según la ocupación (p < 0.001). Los médicos y los kinesiólogos respiratorios presenta ron los valores más altos con una prevalencia del 40% y 89% respectivamente. En el análisis multivariado las variables que se asociaron en forma independiente al síndrome de burnout fueron: ser Médico (OR = 8.9; IC 95%: 1.1-71; p: 0.041) y ser Kinesiólogo respiratorio (OR = 137.5; IC 95%: 2-262; p 0.001). La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fue elevada. Principalmente en los kinesiólogos respiratorios y los médicos.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic generated an overload of the health system and mental, emotional, and physical exhaustion of workers. Previous studies have reported elevated levels of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence and as sociated factors of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted through the administration of an email survey during the second wave of COVID-19 cases. Burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. The prevalence of burnout was estimated and the associated factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The 84% of the participants completed the survey (N = 133), 106 were physicians (80%), 11 administrators (8%), 9 respiratory physiologists (7%), and 7 nurses (5%). 62% were women. The prevalence of burnout was 38% (95% CI 30-47%) and it was different according to the occupation (p = < 0.001). Physicians and respiratory kinesiologists presented the highest values with a prevalence of 40% and 89% respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the variables that were independently as sociated with the burnout syndrome were: being a physician (OR = 8.9; 95% CI: 1.1-71; p: 0.041) and being a respiratory kinesiologist (OR = 137.5; 95% CI: 2-262; p 0.001). The prevalence of burnout syndrome in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic was high. Mainly in respiratory kinesiologists and physicians.

Biodiversity of vertebrates in Argentina: patterns of richness, endemism and conservation status.

Optimising conservation efforts requires an accurate record of the extant species as well as their geographic distributions. Nevertheless, most current conservation strategies start from an incomplete biodiversity inventory. Argentina has an extraordinary diversity of species, however, until now an updated inventory of its fauna has not been carried out. In this context, the main objective of this work is to present the results of the first national inventory of vertebrate species. Experts from each major vertebrate taxonomic group assembled and compiled its respective inventory. The information gathered included taxonomic rank, conservation status, endemism and geographic distribution. Species richness and representativeness were calculated for each taxonomic group, distinguishing between native, endemic and exotic, for each Argentinian province. Our results show Argentina harbours 3,303 species: 574 marine fish, 561 freshwater fish, 177 amphibians, 450 reptiles, 1,113 birds, and 428 mammals. Native species constitute 98.1% of the total taxa. The results achieved were spatially represented showing a pattern of higher richness from north to south and from east to west. Species considered as threatened account for 17.8% and 15.2% are endemic. There are five Extinct species. These results provide key information on developing strategies and public policies at the national and provincial levels and constitute a tool for the management and conservation of biodiversity.

Pathway Driven Target Selection in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Insights Into Carbapenem Exposure.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) represents an emerging threat to public health. CR-KP infections result in elevated morbidity and mortality. This fact, coupled with their global dissemination and increasingly limited number of therapeutic options, highlights the urgency of novel antimicrobials. Innovative strategies linking genome-wide interrogation with multi-layered metabolic data integration can accelerate the early steps of drug development, particularly target selection. Using the BioCyc ontology, we generated and manually refined a metabolic network for a CR-KP, K. pneumoniae Kp13. Converted into a reaction graph, we conducted topological-based analyses in this network to prioritize pathways exhibiting druggable features and fragile metabolic points likely exploitable to develop novel antimicrobials. Our results point to the aptness of previously recognized pathways, such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan synthesis, and casts light on the possibility of targeting less explored cellular functions. These functions include the production of lipoate, trehalose, glycine betaine, and flavin, as well as the salvaging of methionine. Energy metabolism pathways emerged as attractive targets in the context of carbapenem exposure, targeted either alone or in conjunction with current therapeutic options. These results prompt further experimental investigation aimed at controlling this highly relevant pathogen.

Preliminary outcomes of the cementless UNITED hip system for primary total hip arthroplasty at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to report the initial results of the cementless UNITED hip system in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. METHODS: We retrospectively studied a consecutive series of 203 cementless THAs in 180 patients operated between 2015-2017. We included 89 female and 91 male patients with a mean age of 67 (28 to 89) years. The mean follow-up was 40 (29 to 62) months. Clinical outcome scores and radiographs were measured. Survival was calculated defining failure as the need for any further femoral or acetabular revision, irrespective of the reason. RESULTS: No femoral component loosening was detected. One patient had a Vancouver-B1 intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture treated with implant retention and cerclage wires. Two acetabular components were revised for aseptic loosening. Three patients suffered an acute infection treated with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention. The mean Merle d'Aubigné et Postel scores improved from 13 (4 to 16) points preoperatively to 17 (12 to 18) points at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). At a mean time of 40 months of follow-up, the survival was 99% and 100% for the acetabular and the femoral components, respectively. CONCLUSION: This cementless design showed excellent preliminary outcomes in terms of fixation and patient satisfaction, comparable to that of other well-known similar systems.

[Evans syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis as autoimmune manifestations of large granular T-cell leukemia]. / Síndrome de Evans y artritis reumatoidea como manifestaciones autoinmunes de la leucemia de células T grandes granulares.

Large granular T-cell leukemia is a rare cytotoxic lymphocyte disorder. These cells play an integral role in the immune system and are divided into 2 lineages: CD3 T positive and natural killer. Its proliferation and uncontrolled cytotoxicity can generate autoimmunity or malignancy. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common autoimmune disease in individuals with this type of leukemia, however, it has been associated with a wide spectrum of other autoimmune diseases and hematological conditions including hemolytic anemia, pure red blood cell aplasia, and neutropenia, leading to recurring bacterial infections. The following is a case of a 72-year-old female with a history of large granular T-cell leukemia and manifestations compatible with rheumatoid arthritis, which occurs with a severe Evans syndrome with a good initial and sustained response to gamma globulin, corticosteroid therapy, and rituximab.

La leucemia de células T grandes granulares es un trastorno poco frecuente de linfocitos citotóxicos. Estas células juegan un rol integral en el sistema inmunológico y se dividen en 2 linajes: T CD3 positivas y natural killer. Su proliferación y citotoxicidad descontrolada puede generar autoinmunidad o malignidad. La artritis reumatoide es la enfermedad autoinmune más común en individuos con este tipo de leucemia, sin embargo, se ha asociado a un amplio espectro de otras enfermedades autoinmunes y afecciones hematológicas incluyendo anemia hemolítica, aplasia pura de glóbulos rojos y neutropenia, que conducen a infecciones bacterianas recurrentes. Se presenta a continuación una paciente de 72 años con antecedentes de leucemia de células T grandes granulares y manifestaciones compatibles con artritis reumatoidea, que intercurre con un Síndrome de Evans grave con buena respuesta inicial y sostenida a gammaglobulina, corticoterapia, y rituximab.

Helminth-fauna of Patagonian armadillos: comparative analysis of parasites geographical variation.

The similarity between parasites communities' decay with distance and its analysis may explain important ecological process such host dispersion. Patagonia is inhabited by two armadillo species, Chaetophractus villosus and Zaedyus pichiy. In this study we describe and analyze the variation on helminth fauna of these armadillos in Patagonia compared with northern localities described in previous studies. A total of 49 armadillos were collected in Patagonia. Quantitative descriptors of parasite ecology were calculated and community structure of helminths was analyzed following the central-satellite species hypothesis. The parasite richness in Patagonia decreases almost 50% in both armadillos. Zaedyus pichiy present the same central species in Patagonia as in northern localities. For C. villosus central-satellite species analysis could not be applied. The loss of some helminths in Z. pichiy could be the result of lower temperatures or the absence of intermediate arthropods hosts. But in C. villosus the absence of some helminths with Patagonian distribution could be explained by its recent dispersion in Patagonia. Trichohelix tuberculata still being the only helminth in C. villosus introduced population of Tierra del Fuego.