RESUMO
In the current investigation, the active principles of the methanol extracts of Rhododendron arboreum leaves (MEL) and flowers (MEF) were investigated with the help of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), amino acid analyzer and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). UHPLC revealed different polyphenols present in the extracts. GC-MS identified 20 phytochemicals in leaves and 17 in the flowers, whereas, amino acid analyzer confirmed 11 amino acids in leaves and 10 in the flowers. The extracts were subjected to the investigation of biological activity through analysis of antioxidant activity in different in vitro assays, antimutagenic activity in Ames assay and cancer cell growth inhibition activity by MTT (3-4,5 dimethylthiazol-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. MEL showed higher antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation inhibition assay (95.32 ± 0.37%) than MEF (77.09 ± 4.17%) with IC50103.6 µg/ml for MEL and 271.17 µg/ml for MEF. In nitric oxide scavenging assay, an activity of 94.46 ± 0.32% (IC50 150.13) was observed in MEF followed by 83.71 ± 0.74% (IC50 179.52) in MEL. The antimutagenic activity of both the extracts was evaluated against sodium azide, 4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine and 2-aminofluorene mutagens in TA-98 and TA-100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The analysis was carried out using pre- and co-incubation modes. However, both extracts were observed to possess considerable antimutagenic activity against different known mutagens, flowers came out to be more effective than the leaves in terms of % inhibition. The extracts also exhibited significant cancer cell growth inhibition activity, when tested against 3 cancer cell lines namely, Human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), Breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and Lung cancer cell line (A549). In case of HeLa and A549, MEL showed higher activity of 64.62 ± 2.65 and 75.08 ± 1.68% as compared to 53.11 ± 2.84 and 45.92 ± 2.43% in MEL, respectively. The EC50 values for MEL in HeLa and A549 were noted to be 232.76 and 155.38 µg/ml, respectively, whereas, MEF had EC50 of 395.50 µg/ml in HeLa and 660.26 µg/ml in A549. Further, MEF showed higher cytotoxicity in MCF7 cell line (84.93 ± 1.17%) followed by the MEL (73.57 ± 1.27%) with EC50 value of 95.16 µg/ml for MEF followed by 172.19 µg/ml for MEL. The biological activities of the extracts can be attributed to the phyto-constituents identified by sophisticated instruments. The biological activities of the extracts can be attributed to the active principles identified by sophisticated instruments.
RESUMO
The current research was focused on evaluation of the cytotoxic and suppressive action of ethanolic extract of Equisetum arvense (EA1) against human pancreatic carcinoma cell line ASPC-1 after treatment with 25 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL and 200 µg/mL EA1, using MTT assay and Antioxidant activity. Detailed investigations led to reveal the ability of cell patronage through the dreadful upshot of free radicals. The current approach followed MTT assays to examine the long-lasting ability and growth of cells as EA1 restrained the cell viability and growth of ASPC-1. At the end, EA1 showed its potential cytotoxicity and reduced the cellular proliferation of ASPC-1 cells through a pattern, which appeared to be concentration dependent. Our results can form the basis to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying Ethanolic Extract of Equisetum arvense induced cell death in pancreatic cancer cell lines and may serve as an alternative anticancer agent for the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) with no or least side effects to the patient.