Porcine anaesthesia for advanced trauma operative management (atom).

Anaesthesia has been provided for pigs for the Advanced Trauma Operative Management Course which was first held at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital in February 2005. As of January 2006, 16 animals have been anaesthetized. Acepromazine (1mg/kg) and atropine (0.05mg/kg) were used for premedication. IM ketamine (30mg/kg) and isoflurane (in oxygen) were used for the anaesthesia and the animals were intubated and ventilated with positive pressure ventilation. No neuromuscular blocking agents were used. Morphine (average 3 doses of 10mg) was used for analgesia. Systolic blood pressure ranged between 80mmHg and 115mmHg and diastolic pressure ranged between 45mmHg and 80mmHg. Large amounts of IV fluids were given during the procedure. At the end of surgery, the animals were euthanized by increasing the concentration of isoflurane and administering potassium chloride. Out of the 14 cases reported on, 13 animals survived to the end of all the surgical procedures. 1 animal had a cardiac arrest during the last procedure (inflicting a laceration to the heart) and could not be resuscitated.

Delayed recognition of bilateral ureteral injury after gyneacological surgery.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic bilateral ureteric injury is a rare complication of pelvic surgery, which if not recognised immediately results in significant morbidity and even mortality OBJECTIVE: To describe the presentation, aetiology and treatment of iatrogenic bilateral ureteric injuries recognised late following gynaecological surgery. METHODS: The case notes of 14 consecutive cases of bilateral ureteric injury managed between October 2000 and January 2007 were studied. RESULTS: Thirteen cases resulted from abdominal hysterectomy and one from vaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula. Excessive bleeding with difficult haemostasis was the predominant predisposing factor. The indication for referral included oliguria, anuria, and urinary ascites or azotaemia. The time interval between the original surgery and the recognition of the injury ranged between 1 and 92 days. Patients in whom deterioration in renal function was ascribed to obstructive uropathy from bilateral ligation (postrenal renal failure) were referred much earlier than those in whom a diagnosis of prerenal renal failure was made (mean of 2 vs. 10 days). Five patients (36%) required dialyses before repair. All the repairs were done at open surgery. Thirteen survived with no loss of kidney. One patient died of overwhelming sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: Late recognition and referral of bilateral ureteric injury was associated with serious complications. Post operative deterioration in a patient's renal function following pelvic surgery should be assumed to be due to ureteric obstruction until proven otherwise. Such patients should be promptly referred to centres with the facility for further investigation and management. Early open repair for these injuries is advocated.