RESUMO
Background: The occipital artery (OA) is a branch of the external carotid artery. It gives rise to several cutaneous, muscular, and meningeal branches to supply different anatomical areas. The implication of OA in the neurosurgical field is well-established in the literature. Our aim in this study is to draw a complete picture of the anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications of the OA. Methods: A literature review was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed to review the studies discussing OA, its anatomical variation, and neurosurgical applications. Results: We identified 29 articles that discuss the anatomical variations and neurosurgical applications of the OA. Certain variables are used to describe the surgical anatomy of OA. We also discussed certain applications of OA and its importance in neurosurgical bypass, embolization, and aneurysms. Conclusion: Comprehending the anatomy of the OA is crucial for neurosurgeons to safely and effectively perform procedures such as bypass and embolization. In addition, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the OA can help surgeons anticipate potential challenges and tailor their approach accordingly.
RESUMO
Background: The supraorbital artery (SOA) originates from the ophthalmic artery in a superomedial aspect of the orbit, exiting through the supraorbital groove to emerge onto the forehead. The SOA has important neurosurgical considerations regarding different approaches and bypasses. The SOA is poorly described in the standard anatomical textbooks. Therefore, we present this article to describe the anatomical variations of the SOA and their implications on the neurosurgical field. Methods: We conducted a literature review in PubMed and Google Scholar databases to review the existing literature describing the SOA anatomy and its neurosurgical applications. Results: While reading the available articles and original works regarding SOA, we identified 22 studies that discuss the SOA. We noticed the anatomical variations of the SOA in terms of origin, course, diameter, branches, depth, and distance in relation to the midline and vertical glabellar line. We also discussed certain applications of SOA and its importance in neurosurgical approaches, bypass, photoplethysmography, aneurysms, and reconstruction of cranial fossa defects. Conclusion: The variable anatomy of the SOA has a paramount impact on performing different neurosurgical approaches. Therefore, cadaveric studies of the SOA are important to explore potential methods for the preservation of the artery in different neurosurgical applications.
