Role of Transabdominal Ultrasonogram for Evaluation of Placental Maturity in Relation with Fetal Gestational Age.

In this study our main goal is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (USG) for determination of placental maturity and fetal gestational age. This cross-sectional study was done at the Department of Radiology and Imaging (USG section) Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital, Mymensingh from July 2008 to June 2010, where 60 patients included in this study, who was attending in the department of Radiology & Imaging for transabdominal ultrasonography with early and late pregnancy related complaints. In this study among the 60 patients, the youngest one was eighteen years and oldest one was thirty-nine years old age. Thirty five percent (35.0%) patients were from 26-30 years age group. About 33 patients out of 60(55.0%) were house wives. Most of the patients were presented with amenorrhea (65.0%) 39 out of 60. Among 60 patients, 20 patients (33.3%) were in gestational age within 12-28 weeks, 20 patients (33.3%) were in gestational age within 29-36 weeks and 20 patients (33.3%) were within >36 weeks gestational age. Among them, 20 patients (33.3%) had grade III placenta, 20 patients (33.3%) had grade II placenta, 12 patients (20%) had grade I placenta and 08 patients (13.3%) had grade 0 placenta. Out of 60 patients, 18 patients (30.0%) were in high risk group and 70.0% were normal. Six (6) patients (10.0%) suffered from HTN, 3 patients had RH negative (5.0%) blood group, 3(5.0%) patients suffered from APH, 3 patients suffer from DM and 3 from IUGR. In this study showed hypertension and IUGR had strong correlation with accelerated placental maturation. Maternal DM and Rh sensitization were associated with delayed maturation of the placenta. This study concludes that, USG appears to be the best imaging modality for the evaluation of placenta and its grading. USG is relatively less expensive and it is good considering the diagnostic accuracy in pregnancy profile. It is noninvasive procedure without any radiation hazards and better visualization of the lesion in different section, but this study is not a complete reflection of overall incidence and statistics regarding the ailment in our country. For this a more extensive study over a longer period covering different section of society is very much needed for better outcome.

Clinical and Haematological Findings in Dengue Fever.

From 2000 onwards dengue fever has been occurring at regular intervals in Bangladesh. Ultrasonography is a useful diagnostic procedure. This study was done, keeping this background in mind. Objective of this study was to identify the role of ultrasonography as a useful tool in early diagnosis of dengue haemorrhagic fever. This was a cross-sectional descriptive type of observational study. Results of ultrasonography, haematogy an immunology were observed in 2004 and 2019 in 32 patients on each occasion. In 2004 out of 32 patients 29 had positive ultrsonographic findings supported by corresponding haematological and immunological findings. In 2019 ultrsonography was done in three out of thirty two patients, all three had had positive ultra sonographic findings which were supported by haematological and immunological findings. Dengue fever has serious complications like plasma leakage which manifest in the form of ascites, pleural effusion, thick gallbladder wall etc. If such complications can be detected at an early stage many lives can be saved.

The HRCT Evaluation of 105 Suspected COVID 19 Patients of MMCH and RT-PCR Correlation.

In this study our main goal is to evaluate the HRCT evaluation of 105 suspected COVID 19 patients of MMCH and RT-PCR correlation. This experimental and observational study was done at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Mymensingh, Bangladesh from May 2020 to October 2020. Where 105 suspected COVID 19 patients of MMCH and RT-PCR correlation were included in the study. During the study, 43.05% of the patients exposed indirectly to the virus, followed by 44.1% didn't exposed any virus, 21% exposed directly. Diabetes mellitus was 35.7%, HTN - 46.2%, 82.95% had fever, 72.45% had cough, 78.75% had respiratory distress and 49.35% had no diseases. After CT scan diagnosis, positive to infection were found in 98 patients, among them 34 patients had mild type, 22 had severe type of infection where as in RT-PCR diagnosis 69 were positive and 36 were negative to infection. From our study we can conclude that, the most common pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia on HRCT images are pure GGO and GGO and Crazy Paving. Also GGO with consolidation with prominent distribution in the posterior and peripheral part of the lung. Further study is very much needed for better outcome.

Men in Bangladesh play a role in family planning.

PIP: More and more men are convincing their wives to use family planning in Bangladesh. In this conservative, Moslem country, women are not allowed to leave the homes so husbands must go to buy methods especially rural areas. 70% of women who use oral contraceptives (OCs), IUDs, or condoms report that their husbands obtain these method for them. many couples are poor peasants. Contraceptive prevalence is not 23.2%. Female sterilization and OCs are the 2 most popular methods (9% each) followed by condoms (2%), IUD (1.7%), and vasectomy (1.5%). The total fertility rate is 4.8 which is higher than the goal of 3.5 Bangladesh hoped to reach by 1995. In 1975, 30% of women believed fate determines family size but now only 8% think that. Attitude changes about family size have occurred despite illiteracy and poverty. Traditional religious beliefs are still prevalent in rural areas making it difficult for wives to speak to their husbands about family planning. Husband-wife communication is more open among urban, middle class couples. The long lasting hormonal implant, Norplant, holds promise as a means for Bangladesh to reach its goal. About 4500 women now have Norplant and government and nongovernment clinics plan to insert it into around 20,000 more women. A study of 2586 potential acceptors of Norplant at family clinics in Bangladesh 3 other developing countries shows that counseling diminishes the anxiety women and their husbands experience about Norplant and its side effects. A study in Bangladesh reveals higher continuation rates of Norplant for women whose husbands underwent counseling than for those whose husbands did not undergo counseling. Family planning advertisements on the radio, TV, and in newspapers have convinced couples to use family planning, but the advertisements tend to not explaining how to use family planning. Men are key to the changes in attitude about family planning in Bangladesh.^ieng