Effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity on self-efficacy, weight perception, and behavior change / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity on self-efficacy, weight perception, and stage of behavior change, and to provide a scientific evidence for childhood obesity interventions.@*Methods@#The study was a cluster randomized controlled trial. Twelve primary schools and 1 889 children (aged 7-11 years) from Dongcheng District in Beijing were recruited in September, 2013, and were administered a comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity. Six schools (930) were randomly allocated to the intervention group, and six schools (959) were randomly allocated to the control group. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was carried out, R 4.0.3 software was used to analyze the data, and multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the intervention effect.@*Results@#After the intervention, mean (standard deviation) scores of self-efficacy among children in the intervention and control groups were (4.4±0.9) and (4.2±1.1), respectively. After the intervention, the proportion of children in the intervention group who underestimated or overestimated their body weight was 28.4% and 11.3 %, respectively, while the figures in the control were 37.1% and 6.9%; compared with the control, the risk of underestimating body weight decreased among children in the intervention group( OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.52-0.80, P <0.01), while the risk of weight overestimation increased( OR=1.79, 95%CI=1.26-2.54, P <0.01). After the intervention, the proportion of children in the contemplation or action stage of behaviour change was 65.3% and 83.6%, while the figures in the control group were 59.8% and 69.8 %, respectively; in comparison with the control group, more children in the intervention group were in comtemplation ( OR= 1.28 , 95%CI=1.03-1.59, P =0.02) or action stage of behaviour change( OR=2.59, 95%CI=2.04-3.27, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive intervention for childhood obesity improved self-efficacy, weight perception, and facilitated behavior change, but may increase the risk of weight overestimation.

Joint effect of school and family on domestic second-hand smoke exposure in middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To observe the joint effect of school and family tobacco control on middle school students, and to explore its effectiveness in reducing second-hand smoke exposure in middle school students’ families, as so asto provide a new way of thinking for controlling smoking among middle school sudents.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted on the study of 2 125 primary and high school students in four middle schools in the Dongcheng District of Beijing by means of a stratified group sampling method. Personal information of students, tobacco control environment around the family, school and surrounding ares, as well as the knowledge, attitude and behavior of students related to tobacco control was collected.@*Results@#The exposure rate of second-hand smoke in the families of middle and high school students in Dongcheng District of Beijing was 33.41%. Smoking by at least one parent was positively correlated with second-hand smoke exposure in the student’s home (OR=22.88, P<0.05). Among the students who saw the "clear no-smoking label" on campus, the exposure rate (4.92%) when the smoking restriction was set on the home was lower than that of those who did not have a regulation in the home (58.94%) (χ2=452.57, P<0.01). The results of Logistic regression showed that there was a combination of family smoking restrictions and second-hand smoke exposure in middle and high school students who had seen the smoking ban on campus (OR=0.08) and had the school’s tobacco control education (OR=0.08).@*Conclusion@#The joint tobacco control measures between school and family can effectively reduce the exposure rate of second-hand smoke in middle school students’ families, which is better than the effect of tobacco control alone.

Postoperative analgesic effect of different doses of naloxone combined with butorphanol and psychological nursing intervention.

Cesarean section, as a stressor, inevitably produces negative emotions such as anxiety and may cause intraoperative discomfort and postoperative pain. Butorphanol is a commonly used analgesic in cesarean section. Butorphanol's postoperative analgesia can reduce the incidence of postoperative respiratory depression and play a good sedative effect. In this study, we observed the effect of the combination of naloxone and butorphanol on postoperatively analgesia. The result proved that the effect of naloxone and butorphanol on postoperative intravenous analgesia was significant, and the adverse effects of narcolepsy, dizziness, nausea and vomiting after operation were less. Medium concentration of naloxone and high concentration of naloxone had better effect on labor pain, but the adverse reaction rate of high concentration naloxone was higher. Therefore, we suggest that the concentration of naloxone should be 0.20~0.30 µg⋅kg-1⋅h-1. At the same time, research shows that good psychological nursing can obviously relieve patients' anxiety, and also has a certain effect on reducing pain during and after operation.

Experimental study on corneal biomechanical properties of rabbit eye after LASIK / 生物医学工程学杂志

The biomechanical properties of 21 white New Zealand rabbits' corneas after Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) were tested by use of one-dimension tensile test and creep test in the INSTRON 5544 mechanical machine. The cornea-related data from the experiments of one-dimension tensile test and creep test for an hour were obtained; a standard linear solid model was adopted to analyse the data, and the least square method was used to fit the viscoelastical coefficients of creep experiment on different corneas. We noticed there was certain difference between the LASIK groups and the normal group in respect to the corneal modulus of elasticity, the stiffness coefficients diminished with the increase of ablation depth; the anti-tensile ability of corneas also displayed some reduction. These findings indicate that the deeper the ablation goes, the easier will be the deformation after LASIK.

Anaphylactic Shock Induced by Macrolides:Literature Analysis of 78 Cases / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general pattern and the characteristics of macrolides-induced anaphylactic shocks. METHODS:The original articles of 78 macrolides-induced anaphylactic shocks cases reported in Chinese medical science journals during the period from 1985 to 2009 were retrieved from CNKI literature base,and a related database was established for statistical analysis. RESULTS:Seven kinds of macrolides involved in the anaphylactic shocks,with azithromycin,erythromycin and kitasamycin respectively dominated the first 3 places. The anaphylactic shocks were predominantly induced by intravenous drip infusion(88.46%). Of all the 78 cases,4 cases were dead. CONCLUSION:Great attention should be paid to the macrolides-induced anaphylactic shocks in clinical practice to ensure medication safety.