Association of self-efficacy and mental toughness with sport performance in Brazilian futsal athletes.

Introduction: Self-efficacy is considered a component of mental toughness, but there are few studies investigating the relationship of sport self-efficacy with mental toughness in performance athletes, especially in team sports. Objective: The objective was to examine the impact of sport self-efficacy mediated by mental toughness on the sport performance of Brazilian futsal athletes. Methods: The sample was composed of five adult male teams participating in the National Futsal League 2020, totaling 77 athletes. As instruments, we used: athlete identification sheet, Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale in Sports (PSES), Mental Toughness Index (MTI) questionnaire and the performance data from the National Futsal League 2020 (NFL). The data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney "U" test, Spearman's correlation, network analysis (LASSO), with the indicators of centrality: strength, proximity and degree of intermediation (p < 0.05). Results: The results showed that the investigated sample presented high levels of Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale in Sports (PSES) (Md = 4.66) and mental toughness (MT) (Md = 6.44). PSES presented a positive relationship with the number of wins, and negative relationships with the number of red cards and wrong passes (r = -0.08). MT indirectly influenced these variables through its connection with PSES (r = 0.30). The best ranked teams presented higher amounts of goals for, fouls, shots on goal, tackles, assists, and wins. The time of practice revealed an inverse relationship with the number of defeats, while age was positively related to the number of wrong passes (r = 0.09). The centrality indicators showed that the number of games stood out as the most central variable in the network, due to its degree of strength, proximity and intermediation. Moreover, the high degree of proximity and intermediation of the tackles made presented a connection with the number of assists (γ = 0.25; n = 77). Conclusion: We can conclude that sport self-efficacy and mental toughness are intervening factors in the sport performance of Brazilian futsal athletes.

Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade: fatores associados ao uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação / University Open to Older People: factors associated with the use of information and communication technologies

RESUMO Objetivo identificar os fatores associados ao uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação por pessoas idosas de uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Métodos estudo analítico, transversal, que contou com 102 participantes, de ambos os sexos. Os dados para caracterização do perfil socioeconômico e tecnológico dos idosos foram coletados via web, por meio de questionário autopreenchido. Resultados os achados obtidos na presente pesquisa revelaram que há associação estatisticamente significante entre a frequência no ensino superior e o uso de notebook (p=0,021) e smart TV (p=0,031). Adicionalmente, foi observada associação entre a renda mensal familiar superior a quatro salários mínimos e o uso de tablet (p=0,026), smart TV (p=0,006) e impressora (p=0,002) pelos participantes da amostra. Conclusão o grau de escolaridade e o nível socioeconômico configuraram-se como alguns fatores intervenientes na utilização de tecnologias pelos idosos matriculados em uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Contribuições para prática: o estudo disponibiliza informações sobre o perfil dos alunos idosos em relação aos principais fatores associados à utilização das tecnologias de informação. Com isso, poderão ser programadas e ofertadas atividades que possibilitem maior integração e motivação dessa população.

ABSTRACT Objective to identify the factors associated with the use of information and communication technologies by older students at a University Open to Older People. Methods this was an analytical, cross-sectional study with 102 participants of both sexes. This was an analytical, cross-sectional study with 102 participants of both sexes. The study collected data from older people via web to characterize the socioeconomic and technological profile through a self-completed questionnaire. Results the findings of the present study revealed the existence of a significant association between the frequency in higher education and the use of notebook (p=0.021) and smart TV (p=0.031). Additionally, the analysis observed an association between the monthly family income higher than four minimum wages and the use of tablet (p=0.026), smart TV (p=0.006) and printer (p=0.002) by the sample participants. Conclusion education level and socioeconomic status were some intervening factors in the use of technologies by the older individuals enrolled in a University Open to Older People. Contributions to practice: the study provides information on the profile of older students regarding the main factors associated with the use of information technologies. With this, activities that enable greater integration and motivation of this population can be programmed and offered.

Estratégias de coping e motivação de praticantes de corrida de rua / Estrategias de afrontamiento y motivación de los corredores callejeros / Coping strategies and motivation of street runners

O objetivo do estufo foi analisar as estratégias de coping e a motivação de prati-cantes de corrida de rua do município de Maringá ­ PR. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, cuja mostra foi composta por 55 praticantes de corrida de rua, de ambos os sexos, com idade mínima de 20 anos de idade. Como instrumentos foram utilizados uma ficha de identificação, o Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) e o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping (IEC). A análise dos dados foi feita através de estatística descritiva e inferencial (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os homens apresentaram um perfil mais competidor em relação às mulheres (p=0,019), além de utilizarem as estratégias rendimento máximo sob pressão (p=0,017), concentração (p=0,030) e confiança e moti-vação (p=0,021). Os indivíduos com maior tempo de prática utilizam mais da estratégia concentração (p=0,020). Os que treinavam até três vezes na semana se motivavam mais pela reabilitação da saúde. A estratégia de formulação de objetivos foi o domínio que mais obteve correlações com a motivação (p<0,05). Conclui-se que existem inúmeros motivos para a prática dos corredores de rua, assim como as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas.

The purpose of the study was to analyze coping strategies and motivation of street runners in the city of Maringá ­ PR. This is a cross-sectional study, in which the sample consisted of 55 street runners, from both sexes, with a minimum age of 20 years old. As instruments, an identification form, the Exercise Motivation Inventory (EMI-2) and the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) were used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics (p<0.05). The results have evinced that men had a more competitive profile than women (p=0.019), also using the following strategies: maximum performance under pressure (p=0.017), concentration (p=0.030) and confi-dence and motivation (p=0.021). Individuals with longer practice time use the concentration strategy more often (p=0.020). Individuals who used to train up to three times a week were more motivated by health rehabilitation. The strategy of formulating objectives was the domain that most correlated with motivation (p<0.05). It is concluded that there are numerous reasons for the practice of street runners, as well as the coping strategies they use.

El propósito del estudio fue analizar las estrategias de afrontamiento y la motivación de los corredores callejeros en la ciudad de Maringá - PR. Se trata de un estudio transversal, en el que la muestra estuvo compuesta por 55 corredores callejeros, de ambos los sexos, con una edad mínima de 20 años. Como instrumentos se utilizó un formulario de identificación, el Inventario de Motivación para el Ejercicio (EMI-2) y el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (IEC). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial (p <0,05). Los resultados mostraron que los hombres tenían un perfil más competitivo que las mujeres (p = 0,019), además de utilizar las estrategias rendimiento máximo bajo presión (p = 0,017), concentración (p = 0,030) y confianza y motivación (p = 0,021). Las personas con mayor tiempo de práctica utilizan más la estrategia de concentración (p = 0.020). Los que entrenaron hasta tres veces por semana estaban más motivados por la rehabilitación de la salud. La estrategia de formulación de objetivos fue el dominio que más se correlacionó con la motivación (p <0,05). Se concluye que existen numerosas razones para la práctica de los corredores callejeros, así como las estrategias de afrontamiento empleadas.

Strength measurements and assessment: a latin american review on swimming athletes / Medidas e avaliação da força: uma revisão latino-americana em atletas de natação

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze how strength is measurement and its use occurs in studies of Latin American magazines with swimming athletes. The review followed PRISMA principles, carrying out the research in Scielo and Lilacs databases, adopting as inclusion criteria: a) studies with swimming athletes samples; b) studies that involved some evaluation of strength in athletes. A total of 87 articles were found, where 23 remained for complete analysis for suit all the criteria. Data analysis will be performed by metassumarization and content analysis. The results indicated the main measuring instrument to evaluate the strength was the dynamometer (isokinetic, isometric, and portable). Two main groups of subjects involved in the studies were identified, being these, the analysis of the strength for a better performance, and the analysis of imbalance muscular strength, especially in the shoulder. The intervention method was little used, demonstrating that the use of parachute during training and strength training outside the pool under an undulatory periodization are both effective in the athlete's performance. It is concluded that the main method of strength assessment in swimming is with the use of dynamometer, swimmers have a shoulder with muscular imbalance and there are few proposals for intervention to improve muscular strength in swimming athletes.

RESUMO O objetivo foi analisar como ocorre a mensuração da força e sua utilização em estudos de revistas latino-americanas com atletas de natação através de uma revisão. A revisão seguiu os princípios do PRISMA, realizando a pesquisa nas bases de dados Scielo e Lilacs, adotando como critérios de inclusão: a) estudos com amostras de atletas de natação; b) Estudos que envolveram alguma avaliação de força em atletas. Um total de 87 artigos foram encontrados, onde 23 permaneceram para análise completa por atenderem todos os critérios. Para análise de dados foi utilizado metassumarização e análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que o principal instrumento de medida para avaliar a força foi o dinamômetro (isocinético, isométrico, portátil). Dois grupos principais de temáticas envolvidas nos estudos foram identificados, sendo estes, a análise da força para um melhor desempenho e a análise do desequilíbrio da força muscular, especialmente no ombro. O método de intervenção foi pouco utilizado, demonstrando que o uso do parachute durante o treino e o treinamento de força fora da piscina sob uma periodização ondulatória são eficazes no desempenho dos atletas. Conclui-se que o principal método de avaliação da força na natação é com o uso do dinamômetro, os nadadores apresentam um ombro com desequilíbrio muscular e poucas são as propostas de intervenção para a melhora da força muscular em atletas de natação.

Dispositional Flow and Performance in Brazilian Triathletes.

Flow is a mental state characterized by total immersion and focus in an activity; performing it pleasurably. Such a state is considered optimal for performance. The present study analyzed the relationship between dispositional flow and performance in triathletes. The sample consisted of 328 athletes (294 males and 34 females; mean age of 37.42 ± 7.18 years) competing in the Ironman Brazil - Florianópolis - South American Championship 2017. Instruments were an identification sheet, the Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS-2) and athletes' total race times. Data were analyzed using R, through the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, Mann-Whitney's U, Spearman Correlation, and Network Analysis [Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)], using strength, closeness, and betweenness as centrality measurements. Results show a positive correlation between age and practice time (r = 0.34), inverse relationship between practice time and total race time (r = -0.25), and inverse correlations between race time and 05 of the 09 flow dimensions (r between -0.17 and -0.11), suggesting better performances were related to more practice time and higher disposition to flow. Flow conditions, flow characteristics, individual characteristics, and performance were separately grouped in the network structure. Challenge-skill balance was the most influential node, with the highest closeness and betweenness values; challenge-skill balance, clear goals, control, and action-awareness merge directly influenced better race times. Sample's top 50 performers had significantly higher disposition to challenge-skill balance, clear goals, control and feedback. Practical implications of flow mechanisms are discussed. Dispositional flow was positively related to objective performance in Brazilian triathletes.

Análise da síndrome de "burnout" e das estratégias de "coping" em atletas brasileiros de vôlei de praia / Analysis of burnout syndrome and coping strategies in Brazilian athletes beach volleyball

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a síndrome de "burnout" e as estratégias de "coping" de jogadores de vôlei de praia. Participaram 93 atletas, das categorias sub-21 e "open" do circuito brasileiro de vôlei de praia. Como instrumentos foram utilizados uma ficha com dados de identificação, Questionário de "Burnout" para Atletas e Inventário Atlético das Estratégias de "Coping". Para análise dos dados utilizou-se teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, teste 'U' de Mann-Whitney, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, adotando p < 0,05. Verificou-se correlação significativa e negativa entre as dimensões do "burnout" e estratégias de "coping". Para as dimensões do "burnout", apenas "ranking" obteve diferença significativa, enquanto para as estratégias de "coping", gênero, categoria, "ranking" e tempo de prática apresentaram diferenças significativas. Concluiu-se que quanto maior a síndrome de "burnout", menor é a utilização de estratégias de "coping" em atletas de vôlei de praia...

This study aimed to analyze burnout syndrome and coping strategies of beach volleyball players. Ninety-three athletes participated, being one group of under-21 age and another group of adult category. The both group are composed by players of the Brazilian beach volleyball championship. The instruments used were a form with data identification, Burnout Questionnaire for Athletes and Athletic Inventory of Coping Strategies. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 'U' Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient, were used, considering p < 0.05. There was a significant and negative correlation between the dimensions of burnout and coping strategies. For the dimensions of burnout, just ranking obtained significant difference, while for coping strategies, gender, category, ranking and practice time showed significant differences. It was concluded that the higher burnout, fewer beach volleyball athletes use coping strategies...