Interaction of High- and Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Developing Cervical Cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The association between cervical cancer and high-risk HPV infection has been well documented. However, the effect of simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV or low-risk HPV alone on the risk of developing cervical malignancy remains unanswered in guidelines. METHOD: We investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs (HR or LR) genotypes with cervical carcinoma risk and pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 790 patients. Correlation matrix and t-test were used for analysis. RESULTS: The percentage of HR+LR and HR-HPV16/18 were 9.30% and 11.20% in class II, 7.15% and 7.10% in class IV, and 7.15% and 5.80% in As-CUS smears. Interestingly, concurrent infection with HR-HPV and LR-HPV types led to a significant reduction in the risk of developing malignancy compared to the high-risk group (OR=0.3 (0.098-0.925), pvalue=0.04). The percentage of individuals with cervical malignancy was 10.2% and 28.2% within the co-infected and the HR-HPV participants. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV may reduce the risk of cervical malignancy.

Attenuation of morphine conditioned place preference and reinstatement by vitamin D.

Opioid action in the brain involves the dopamine-reward system as well as non-dopamine pathways. Since vitamin D also modulates the brain's dopamine system, the question of this study was how vitamin D might affect the opioid influences on the reward system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the possible effect of vitamin D on the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by morphine, as a valuable model of assessment of the reinforcing properties of opioids by associating the context to the rewarding properties of the addictive drugs. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two main groups that either received saline (morphine vehicle) or morphine (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for CPP. Each of the main groups was divided into three vitamin D treatment subgroups: vitamin D vehicle and vitamin D (5 and 10 µg/kg, intraperitoneally). Vitamin D injections were started 1 week ahead of the experiment (two injections) or immediately after post-conditioning and in both cases, it was continued twice weekly throughout the CPP. Administration of vitamin D (10 µg/kg) before conditioning in CPP markedly attenuated morphine expression in the post-conditioning test. Receiving vitamin D (5 or 10 µg/kg) before or after conditioning significantly attenuated morphine reinstatement. Administration of vitamin D after opioid conditioning facilitated morphine memory extinction and attenuated morphine reinstatement. Vitamin D is probably a valuable addition to be considered as a part of the treatment for prevention or minimizing the dependency or relapse to opioids.

Association of dietary intake and cervical cancer: a prevention strategy.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is one of lethal cancers in women. As a global concern, identifying important factors of cancer is a useful strategy for prevention. Due to the role of diet/nutrition factors for cancer, the purpose of our study was to determine the impact of 150 nutrition/vitamin factors and 50 non-nutritional factor in cervical cancer and phase. METHODS: Population samples of 2088 healthy subjects and patients with cervical cancer were investigated. 200 factors such as vitamin E, B1, B6, fruits, HPV, and age were gathered. Deep learning, Decision tree, and correlation matrix were used for modeling and identifying important factors. SPSS 26, R4.0.3, and Rapid miner were utilized for implementation. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that zinc, Iron, Niacin, Potassium, Phosphorous, and Cooper have a beneficial impact in reducing the risk of cervical cancer and progression of phase in Iranian women, as well as Salt, snacks and milk Were identified as high-risk food factors (P value < 0.05 and coefficient correlation > 0.6). Also, alcohol, and sex patient with two groups, HPV positive have an impact on cervical cancer incidence. Phosphorus and selenium in the Micronutrients category (R2 = 0.85, AUC = 0.993) and polyunsaturated fatty acid and salt in the Macronutrients category and other categories of nutrients were identified as the most effective factors in cervical cancer using deep learning (R2 = 0.93, AUC = 0.999). CONCLUSIONS: A diet and rich nutrition can be helpful for the prevention of cervix cancer and may reduce the risk of disease. Additional research is necessary for different countries.

Reducing reconstruction error of classified textural patches by integration of random forests and coupled dictionary nonlinear regressors: with applications to super-resolution of abdominal CT images.

PURPOSE: Random forests and dictionary-based statistical regressions have common characteristics, including non-linear mapping and supervised learning. To reduce the reconstruction error of high-resolution images, we integrate random forests and coupled dictionary learning. METHODS: Textural differences of image blocks are considered by the classification of patches using an Auto-Encoder network. The proposed algorithm partitions an input LR image by 5 × 5 blocks and classifies training patches into six categories. A single random forest regressor is then trained corresponding to each class. The output of an RF is considered as an initial estimate of the HR slice. If a slice's representation is sparse in the Discrete Cosine Transform domain, the initial reconstructed image is further improved by a coupled dictionary. RESULTS: In this study, we applied our method to abdominal CT scans and compared them to conventional and recent researches. We achieved an average improvement of 0.06 (2.37) using the SSIM (PSNR) index compared to the random forest + dictionary learning method. CONCLUSION: The low standard deviation of the results reveals the stability of the proposed method as well. The proposed algorithm depicts the effectiveness of classifying image patches and individual treatment of each class.

The interaction of high and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes increases the risk of developing genital warts: A population-based cohort study.

Cervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Genital warts are also reported to be linked with HPV infection types 11 and 6. In turn, clinical characteristics and morphological features of warts may be useful in the prediction of prognosis and in making treatment decisions. Thus, we have investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs genotype with genital wart risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 1380 patients. Patients infected with HPV genotype 6 or 11 had an increased risk of having warts, with OR of 2.34 (95% CI: 0.955-5.737, P = 0.06). Also, this association was enhanced in the presence of high plus low-risk HPV for having genital wart (OR: 2.814; 95%: 1.208-6.55, P = 0.017) and cases having high-risk HPV (OR: 2.329; 95% CI: 1.029-5.269, P = 0.042). Moreover, we observed patients with genital warts having CIN2/3, indicating the importance of informing the physician to the patient to prevent more severe lesions. Our data demonstrated that patients with both low/high-risk HPV types had an increased risk of developing genital warts and persistent infection with HPV was a necessary precursor for the increase in cervical lesions.