The Role of Sodium Oxybate in Idiopathic Hypersomnia: A Case Report Showing Improvement of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Reduced Symptoms.

Our aim is to report the clinical profile and outcome of patients diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia (IH). Idiopathic hypersomnolence is a complex, debilitating, and uncommon sleep disorder manifested mainly by chronic excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This paper reports on the treatment of a patient with idiopathic hypersomnia who was treated with low sodium oxybate (LXB) due to a lack of response to the first-line drug modafinil. This patient, who presented with worsening excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep drunkenness, and sleep disturbances, was diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia by overnight polysomnography (PSG) and a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Stimulant agent modafinil was prescribed along with sleep hygiene education. Her symptoms did not respond to modafinil, and she was switched to a recently approved newer medication, i.e., low sodium oxybate.

Variation in Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Salvadora oleoides Decene. and Salvadora persica L. Fruits and Aerial Part Extracts.

(1) Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of Salvadora oleoides (S. oleoides) and Salvadora persica (S. persica) polyphenols as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. (2) Methods: Aerial parts and fruits of S. oleoides and S. persica were collected from the periphery of District Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Methanol extracts were prepared using the Soxhlet extraction technique. Extract yield varied from 8.15 to 19.6 g/100 g dry plant material. RP-HPLC revealed the detection of thirteen phenolic aids and five flavonoids. Gallic acid, hydroxy benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cinamic acid were the major phenolic acids, whereas catechin, rutin, and myricetin were the flavonoids detected. (3) Results: Maximum total phenolic contents (TPCs) (22.2 mg/g of dry plant material) and total flavonoid contents (TFCs) (6.17 mg/g of dry plant material) were found in the fruit extract of S. persica, and the minimum TPC (11.9 mg/g) and TFC (1.72 mg/g) were found in the aerial part of S. oleoides. The fruit extract of S. persica showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of all the extracts was performed on albumin-induced rat paw edema that was comparable with the standard indomethacin; S. persica fruit extract showed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity. Analgesic activity of aerial part and fruit extracts of S. oleoides and S. persica was investigated using a mouse model, and the results showed that maximum possible analgesia of fruit extracts of S. persica was 53.44%, which is better than the PC group (52.98%). (4) Conclusions: The variations in the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities of methanolic extracts of S. oleoides and S. persica were found to be significant, and they have therapeutic potential as antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory agents.