RESUMO
In this study, seven bee viruses of significant importance for bee health in Türkiye were investigated using one-step RT-PCR. For this purpose, larvae from 1183 hives and adult bees from 1196 hives were sampled from 400 apiaries in 40 provinces. The prevalence of viral infections in hives was as follows: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), 6.4%; black queen cell virus (BQCV), 77%; chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), 3.2%; deformed wing virus (DWV), 63.8%; Israel acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV), 7%; Kashmir bee virus (KBV), 2.7%; sacbrood virus (SBV), 49.7%. Moreover, 50 different combinations of viral infections were identified in the hives. While dual infections (36.1%) were the most common in hives, triple infections with BQCV, DWV, and SBV were found to have the highest prevalence (22.1%). At least one viral infection was detected in all of the apiaries tested. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates from this study generally exhibited the highest similarity to previously reported Turkish isolates. When similarity ratios and the locations and types of amino acid mutations were analyzed, it was observed that the isolates from our study exhibited high similarity to isolates from various countries, including China, the United Kingdom, Syria, and Germany.
Assuntos
Vírus de Insetos , Filogenia , Vírus de RNA , Animais , Abelhas/virologia , Vírus de Insetos/genética , Vírus de Insetos/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de Insetos/classificação , Prevalência , Vírus de RNA/genética , Vírus de RNA/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de RNA/classificação , Larva/virologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Dicistroviridae/genética , Dicistroviridae/isolamento & purificação , Dicistroviridae/classificaçãoRESUMO
This study aims to update current data regarding Border Disease in sheep and goats, determine the first prevalence of BDV in cattle and identify its circulated genotype in Turkey. For this purpose, 100 sheep, 20 goats and 193 cattle aborted fetuses sent for diagnosis to Samsun Veterinary Control Institute between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed in terms of pestivirus by AgELISA, BDV by RealTime test (RTPCR) and Conventional RTPCR test. The rate of pestivirus positive animals was found at 50.26% (97/193) in cattle, 58% (58/100) in sheep and 55% (11/20) in goats by the pestivirus AgELISA test. Total of 58 AgELISA positive sheep were tested by RealTime RTPCR and conventional RTPCR tests. End of the tests, one sheep sample (1.72%) was found BDV positive by RealTime RTPCR test and three sheep (5.17%) and one cattle (1.03%) samples were detected as BDV positive by conventional RTPCR test. BDV positivity was not detected in goats in this research. All samples that were found positive by conventional RTPCR test and RealTime RTPCR test were genotyped by phylogenetic sequence analysis, and obtained results showed that BDV3 and BDV7 genotypes of BDV in sheep and BVDV1 genotype in cattle circulated in the investigated area. The sequence analysis results revealed that conventional RTPCR and RealTime RTPCR tests detected genotype BDV3, while genotype BDV7 was only detected by conventional RTPCR test in sheep abortion materials. Additionally, it was found that one bovine specimen was BDV positive by conventional PCR, but the same sample was identified as BVDV1 at sequence analysis. The obtained data of this study showed that new probes should be designed using our local strains for BDV diagnosis by RealTime RTPCR assay, and cattle must be sampled for BDV screening, and PCR tests results should always be confirmed by sequence analysis.