[Neuronal heterotopy].

The diagnosis of most volumetric processes of the brain presents no difficulty today; however, there are a number of brain diseases whose clinical manifestations are similar to those of tumors. Despite the development of neurovisualization techniques (application of currently available computer and magnetic resonance tomographs and special programs, such as MR imaging and CT spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion, etc.), some of these processes are difficult to differentiate from neoplasms noninvasively. It is evident that treatment policy should be quite different in these or those cases. Neuronal nodular heterotopy (ectopy) may be considered as one of such pseudotumorous processes. This case illustrates the rare abnormality that has the clinical and X-ray picture similar to that of neoplasms of the brain. Current noninvasive method do not always allow one to significantly verify the nature of brain tissue changes, which shows it necessary to use CT-stereotactic biopsy in some cases.

[Aspergillosis of the central nervous system (clinical observation and review of literature)]. / Aspergillez (Aspergilosis) tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy (klinicheskoe nabliudenie i obzor literatury).

Aspergillosis of the central nervous system presents a challenge faced with the problems arising from the establishing the diagnosis, the low efficiency of treatment, and high mortality rates (about 95% as shown by some data). This paper presents a clinical case of a patient with aspergillosis-induced central nervous system lesion verified by autopsy. Possible errors in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient are analyzed. The literature data including clinical cases, etiopathogenesis, and clinical manifestations and its possible complications are presented. Groups of patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis are considered. The paper gives the data available in the foreign literature on the methods and efficiency of treatment and mortality rates in different groups of patients. The urgency of the problem in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral aspergillosis rises with the increased number of patients with immunological disorders due to infectious diseases (HIV), social (drug addiction, alcoholism), environmental, and other factors.