The association of genitourinary cancer among Saudi patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and a systematic literature review.

The gastrointestinal tract's most commonly occurring primary mesenchymal tumor is the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). However, few cases worldwide were reported associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, we aimed to identify the association of genitourinary tumors in patients with GIST in our tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia and compare it to the literature. We identified all patients in the pathology department database with the diagnosis of GIST. We excluded duplicate and recurrent cases. We examined patients' files for the presence of RCC, adrenal tumors, or other genitourinary cancer. A systematic review of the association was conducted. From 2003 to 2020, 170 patients had a histopathologic diagnosis of primary GIST, 100 men and 70 women, median age of 57 (range 9-91) years at the time of diagnosis. The site of primary GIST was gastric 103, small bowel 43, mesenteric 5, omentum/peritoneum 7, abdomen 4, isolated adrenal 1, and other 7. Six patients had associated primary genitourinary cancer. Three patients had RCC (two clear cell RCC and one radiologic diagnosis only), and three had adrenal tumors (one adrenal carcinoma, one an isolated adrenal GIST, and one pheochromocytoma). In addition, two patients had a tumor invading the urinary bladder. Although the cohort included 63 men aged 60 or above (median 71 ± 8.7 years, range 60-94), none demonstrated clinical prostatic carcinoma. Data was compared to 69 systematic review articles. We report the rare association between GIST tumors and primary genitourinary cancer, mainly RCC and adrenal tumors. Also, we identified a secondary invasion of the urinary bladder. Unlike the reported series, none of the older male patients had clinical prostate cancer.

Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare genetic disorder, and individuals tend to develop multiple cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas, and renal cell cancer (RCC). In our study, we report the first case in Saudi Arabia, to our knowledge - a 28-year-old male with a history of right leg leiomyosarcoma post excision two years back who was referred to us with incidental finding of right kidney mass measuring 1.8x2x2.2 cm who underwent right laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and histopathology reported it as HLRCC and RCC.

Urolithiasis and water intake in Saudi Arabia, is it a matter of quality or quantity?

Introduction: Urolithiasis is a significant problem with an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Multiple factors such as water intake, climate change, dietary habit, and genetic factors can affect stone formation. Our aim is to clarify the relationship between water intake and urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia as a hot climate area. Methods: This cross-sectional internet-based survey was conducted in November 2017. Our study was performed using a standard web-based questionnaire using social media open to all internet users. We excluded the incomplete responses. Analysis of the data was then carried out using Chi-square test and SPSS package version 20. Results: We found a great response to our survey, where 9100 participants responded. Among the participants, 76.6% were females and 23.4% were males. The largest age group was between 18 and 30 years (60.8%). Of the participants, 842 (9.3%) had history of urinary tract stones. About 74.3% of the participants with a history of urinary tract stones were drinking <1 L/day of water in comparison with those who had no history of urinary tract stones who were drinking a minimum of 1.25 L/day in 55.1%. Regarding the type of water intake, there was no significant relationship between the type of water and the incidence of stones formation (P =0.096). The amount of water was significantly correlated with the urolithiasis (P = 0.000). Conclusion: We concluded that the amount of water intake per day significantly correlated with urolithiasis, and according to our study, the minimally accepted intake was ≥1.25 L/day. However, the type of water consumed has no statistically significant impact on stone formation.

Urethral clear cell carcinoma - Case report and review of litrature.

Urethral clear cell carcinoma is very rare disease affecting both sexes, however it is mostly described in female urethra. The origin of this cancer is yet to be discovered. We report a 57 years old lady who presented to our clinic with obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and found to have a urethral diverticulum containing a soft tissue lesion found to be a clear cell carcinoma after excision. Having high suspicion and early detection of these cases leads to a better outcome.

Scrotal calcinosis effect - Case report and review of literature.

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a benign rare diseases that is characterized by single or multiple scrotal skin calcified nodules without evidence of systemic disease. We report the first case in Saudi Arabia of Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis in a patient whose a 42 years old male, medically and surgically free who presented to our clinic with multiple scrotal nodular lesions in which excision was done and histology showed calcium deposition in basophilic globules which is consistent with Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis. Although pathogenesis and etiology of Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is controversial, surgical excision is the treatment of choice.