Impact of splenectomy on circulating microparticles in patients with sickle cell anemia.

INTRODUCTION: Circulating microparticles (MP) are being described as potential biomarkers for disease activity in a variety of conditions including sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, relatively little is known about the influence of spleen status on MP levels in patients with SCA. METHODS: Using a prospective study design we characterize circulating MP in 144 patients with SCA in steady state by assessing their cellular origin and their relationships to spleen status defined by clinical and imaging findings. In addition, MP levels were studied according to demographic characteristics, clinical status, treatment modalities, and other hematological and biochemical parameters. Absolute plasma concentrations of MP were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Patients with SCA displayed a 10-fold increase in levels of MP derived from red blood cell (RBC) and platelets (PLT) when compared to their healthy counterparts (p < 0.0001). Splenectomized patients with SCA have more pronounced levels of MPRBC and MPPLT, and remained elevated after several weeks of follow-up. Levels of MP were not significantly associated with spleen removal procedures, age, gender, clinical severity score, hydroxyurea therapy, hemoglobin F, and co-existence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results suggest that splenectomy affects circulating levels of MP regardless of the known SCA modifiers and correlates.

Reproducibility of Manual Platelet Estimation Following Automated Low Platelet Counts.

OBJECTIVES: Manual platelet estimation is one of the methods used when automated platelet estimates are very low. However, the reproducibility of manual platelet estimation has not been adequately studied. We sought to assess the reproducibility of manual platelet estimation following automated low platelet counts and to evaluate the impact of the level of experience of the person counting on the reproducibility of manual platelet estimates. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, peripheral blood films of patients with platelet counts less than 100 × 109/L were retrieved and given to four raters to perform manual platelet estimation independently using a predefined method (average of platelet counts in 10 fields using 100× objective multiplied by 20). Data were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) as a method of reproducibility assessment. RESULTS: The ICC across the four raters was 0.840, indicating excellent agreement. The median difference of the two most experienced raters was 0 (range: -64 to 78). The level of platelet estimate by the least-experienced rater predicted the disagreement (p = 0.037). When assessing the difference between pairs of raters, there was no significant difference in the ICC (p = 0.420). CONCLUSIONS: The agreement between different raters using manual platelet estimation was excellent. Further confirmation is necessary, with a prospective study using a gold standard method of platelet counts.