RESUMO
Background Diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production or abnormalities in cellular activity. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most prominent indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which develops in pregnant women whose pancreatic function is insufficient to control the insulin resistance associated with pregnancy. Moreover, it is the most common metabolic disorder, with the majority of cases beginning in the second or third trimester of pregnancy and affecting up to 25% of pregnant women. Objectives The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with postpartum T2DM screening in women with GDM at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) between 2010 and 2022. The secondary objective was to assess the factors associated with providing information to the patients about the risks of increased blood glucose and postpartum lifestyle modification. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study at KAUH to investigate potential factors associated with postpartum screening for T2DM. Out of 564 patients diagnosed with GDM between 2020 and 2022, we included 200 women aged over 18 years with a history of GDM, as they met the inclusion criteria for our study. Patients younger than 18 years with missing or incomplete baseline characteristics were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 21 (IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), and p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 200 postpartum women with GDM were included in this study. Their mean age was 35.02±5.2 years. Many of them had a family history of diabetes (83.0%) and a previous diagnosis of GDM (60.5%). The patients who performed glucose testing six weeks after birth were previously diagnosed with GDM (37.0%) or with a family history of diabetes (45.5%). The significant variables in this analysis were mothers having frequent postpartum hospital follow-up visits (P<0.001), mothers with gestational weight gain (P=0.018), those who were informed about the risks of increased blood glucose (P=0.011), and those who were informed about plans for postpartum glucose screening (P=0.002). The mothers with a previous history of GDM were the highest to be informed of the risks of elevated blood glucose. Conclusion Frequent postpartum hospital follow-up visits, gestational weight gain, knowledge of the risks of elevated blood sugar, and postpartum glucose screening plans were all associated with postpartum glucose testing rates among women with GDM in Saudi Arabia.
RESUMO
Background Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability around the world. It is responsible for 10% of all fatalities and about 5% of all disabilities. Risk factors include age, hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, and atrial fibrillation. The incidence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is increasing among young adults compared to older ones. It has a direct impact on their quality of life and working activities while also burdening the healthcare system. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate the possible risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients who are under 50 years old. Methods This is a single-center retrospective record review of patients with ischemic stroke from 2010 to 2022. Eighty patients who had an ischemic stroke at an age below 50 were included in the analysis. Patients above or equal to 50 years old who had ischemic stroke and all patients with hemorrhagic stroke were excluded. Baseline characteristics, length of hospitalization, and in-hospital mortality were compared with different comorbidities. Results The mean age was 36.65 among males and females who had an ischemic stroke. 56.8% of them were non-Saudi, while 43.2% were Saudis. Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were among the most frequent comorbidities among patients who had ischemic stroke, with a percentage of 82.7%. Other comorbidities, such as autoimmune disease, thrombophilia, and heart failure, were present. Conclusion There are different comorbidities found in patients who have had an ischemic stroke and are under 50 years old. However, diabetes and hypertension remain the most common risk factors.
