Impact of Early Nutrition Interventions on the Growth and Development of Preterm Infants: A Narrative Review.

Preterm birth remains a significant global health concern as it can lead to various health complications and long-term developmental challenges. Early nutrition intervention plays a crucial role in optimizing the growth, development, and overall health outcomes of premature infants. This review aims to summarize and analyze the existing literature regarding the effect of early nutrition interventions on premature babies. A comprehensive search was conducted through various electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on nutrition interventions specifically targeting premature infants. The review highlights the benefits of early nutrition interventions, including enteral and parenteral feeding, human milk, and the provision of specific nutrients. These interventions have been shown to enhance growth rates, promote neurodevelopmental outcomes, reduce the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), reduce the risk of infection, and improve overall morbidity and mortality rates in premature babies. Overall, the findings from this review suggest that early nutrition interventions have a positive impact on the health and developmental outcomes of premature babies. However, further research is required to determine the optimal approaches, optimal timing, and long-term effects of various interventions. Collaboration between healthcare providers, researchers, and families is crucial in implementing evidence-based nutrition practices and supporting the growth and development of premature infants.

Retraction: Hemichorea: A Rare Neurological Complication of Diabetes Mellitus.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21131.].

Hemichorea: A Rare Neurological Complication of Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent metabolic disorder that has a wide range of complications. Neurological complications are common and include stroke and peripheral neuropathy. However, hemichorea is a very rare manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Chorea can be due to primary inherited conditions or secondary to other disorders. Careful evaluation of patients with chorea is crucial since secondary chorea can be managed with the treatment of the underlying cause. We report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with a two-week history of sudden involuntary and random-appearing movements of the right upper and lower extremities. These movements were non-suppressible and disappeared during sleep. Further, the movements were not associated with any neurological symptoms, including headache, dizziness, weakness, sensory deficits, or loss of consciousness. The patient had a longstanding history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. He reported that he was not compliant with his medications. Laboratory investigation revealed a very high level of blood glucose (580 mg/dL) with associated pseudohyponatreamia (127 mEq/L). Head computed tomography scan showed increased density in right caudate nuclei and putamen with no surrounding edema or mass effect. The findings were suggestive of non-ketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea based on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological laboratory findings. The patient received insulin therapy according to sliding-scale protocol. The chorea movements gradually improved and completely disappeared after the fourth day of admission with the normalization of glucose level. In view of this, emergency medicine physicians should consider non-ketotic hyperglycemia as a potential underlying etiology of acute hemichorea.