RESUMO
Preterm birth remains a significant global health concern as it can lead to various health complications and long-term developmental challenges. Early nutrition intervention plays a crucial role in optimizing the growth, development, and overall health outcomes of premature infants. This review aims to summarize and analyze the existing literature regarding the effect of early nutrition interventions on premature babies. A comprehensive search was conducted through various electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on nutrition interventions specifically targeting premature infants. The review highlights the benefits of early nutrition interventions, including enteral and parenteral feeding, human milk, and the provision of specific nutrients. These interventions have been shown to enhance growth rates, promote neurodevelopmental outcomes, reduce the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), reduce the risk of infection, and improve overall morbidity and mortality rates in premature babies. Overall, the findings from this review suggest that early nutrition interventions have a positive impact on the health and developmental outcomes of premature babies. However, further research is required to determine the optimal approaches, optimal timing, and long-term effects of various interventions. Collaboration between healthcare providers, researchers, and families is crucial in implementing evidence-based nutrition practices and supporting the growth and development of premature infants.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Dyslipidemia is prevalent in adults living with type 1 diabetes, and it can worsen the presentation of microvascular complications such as retinopathy. This study aims to identify the pattern coupled with the frequency of dyslipidemia in diabetic adults who followed up at different clinics in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, and evaluate the associations with demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective chart review study of 514 adults with type 1 diabetes was conducted in a tertiary health care facility in the central region of Saudi Arabia. Demographics were retrieved by using the implemented electronic medical records. Fasting lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were checked for all subjects. RESULTS: Five hundred and fourteen (514) subjects aged 18-65 years were studied (mean age: 26.1 ± 7.1 years). There were 318 (62%) females in the sample, and their mean age was significantly different from the mean age of males (p = 0.01). The mean duration of having diabetes was 12.8 ± 6.9 years. The prevalence of lipid abnormalities included abnormal low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (70%), hypercholesterolemia (23%), abnormal high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (8%), and hypertriglyceridemia (5%). Abnormal HDL was significantly higher in males than in females (p=<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of other lipid abnormalities between the two genders and the age group < or ≥ 25 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean of the tested lipids levels between the two genders. One hundred and forty-three (143) (27.8%) patients had more than one abnormal lipid condition. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean HbA1c between males and females (p=0.001). Otherwise, there was no significant association of lipid abnormalities with gender, age, diabetes duration, and weight. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent lipid abnormality was high LDL cholesterol. Nearly a third of the tested individuals had more than one lipid abnormality. Furthermore, poor glycemic control was linked to abnormal lipid profiles. Consequently, local programs must aim to screen and intervene early to delay and prevent future severe vascular complications related to non-treated dyslipidemia.
RESUMO
It Is well known that abdominal pain during pregnancy has a broad differential diagnosis, which includes spontaneous adrenal hemorrhage (SAH), a rarely reported phenomenon in the literature, defined as an acute hemorrhage into the adrenal gland during pregnancy in the absence of a clear cause. Physicians should have a high suspicion for it due to the potentially life-threatening complications, as they present usually with a non-specific presentation. We present a case of symptomatic SAH in the third trimester of pregnancy that was successfully managed conservatively.
