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We first review transport of intensity and phase and show their use as a convenient tool to directly determine the unwrapped phase of an imaged object, either through conventional imaging or using digital holography. For both cases, either the traditional transport of intensity and phase, or with a modification, viz., electrically controllable transport of intensity and phase, can be used. The use of digital holography with transport of intensity for 3D topographic mapping of fingermarks coated with columnar thin films is shown as an illustrative application of this versatile technique.
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Background The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) was spread all over the world, while diabetes mellitus (DM) remains the most prevalent chronic disease worldwide. Aims This study aims to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on glycemic control, insulin resistance (IR), and pH in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on patients with type 2 DM who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in the central hospitals of the Tabuk region. Patient data were collected from September 2021 to August 2022. Four non-insulin-based insulin resistance indexes were calculated for patients: the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) index, the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio, and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR). Results Patients showed increased serum fasting glucose and blood HbA1c associated with a high TyG index, TyG-BMI index, TG/HDL ratio, and METS-IR as compared with results before COVID-19. Moreover, during COVID-19, patients revealed a reduction in pH, associated with a reduction in cBase and bicarbonate, and an elevation in PaCO2 as compared with their results before COVID-19. After complete remission, all patients' results turn back to their level before COVID-19. Conclusions Patients with type 2 DM who catch the COVID-19 infection suffer from dysregulation of glycemic control and elevated insulin resistance associated with a significant reduction in their pH.
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Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare and asymptomatic congenital cardiovascular anomaly. Being asymptomatic, PLSVC was usually discovered while performing interventions (such as insertion of central lines, Swan-Ganz catheters, or placing pacemakers) through the left internal jugular vein or left subclavian veins. Commonly, PLSVC is detected not only as an isolated congenital anomaly, but also it can be associated with many other cardiac anomalies. Also, presence of a dilated coronary sinus on echocardiography should raise the suspicion of PLSVC. The diagnosis should be confirmed by contrast venography or computed tomography angiography. The present case is a female patient, 29 year old, who was undergoing elective excision of a right atrial mass, with closure of patent foramen ovale, and she had end-stage renal failure on regular hemodialysis three times weekly through a permicath inserted in the right subclavian vein.
