Can malocclusion among children impact their oral health-related quality of life? parents' perspective.

Background and Aim: Malocclusion can negatively impact the quality of life of children. Therefore, this study assesses the impact of proxy-reported malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from the parents or guardians' perspectives. Materials and Methods: A self-administered electronic questionnaire was used to assess the correlation between proxy-reported malocclusion conditions during the early mixed dentition stage (children age 6-12 years) and oral health-related quality of life using the OHIP-14 measure. All collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Among the 353 participants in the study, anterior open-bite was the most common proxy-reported malocclusion with a prevalence of 19%, followed by unilateral posterior cross bite (13.3%). Furthermore, 31% reported that their children sometimes experienced negative impacts on quality of life from malocclusions. The results also show that OHIP-14 scores were significantly associated with all proxy-reported malocclusion (p < 0.05). The highest OHIP-14 score was found to be significantly associated with the presence of deep-bite from parents' or guardians' perspective. Conclusion: The presence of some proxy-assessed malocclusion was associated with negative impacts on children's oral health-related quality of life. This is very important to consider when assessing the need for orthodontic intervention, especially at this stage as this age is critical in building a child's confidence and self-esteem.

Skeleto-dental features among a sample of Saudi female children compared to British standards: A cephalometric study.

Aim: This cross-sectional observational retrospective study aimed at assessing the cephalometric skeleto-dental features of class I, II, and III skeletal relationship of Saudi female school children sample and comparing the results to the established British Caucasian cephalometric standards. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 205 retrospective lateral cephalometric radiographs of female school children. The age range of the subjects were between 10 and 13 years old with a mean age of 11 ± 1 years. Several cephalometric and constructed points were identified. Angular, linear, and proportional measurements were obtained and analyzed. The skeleto-dental features of class II and class III were compared to class I of this sample and then compared with the established British Caucasian population. Different angular, linear, and proportional variables were investigated. Descriptive statistics and Student's t-test were used for data analysis. Results: The distribution of the skeletal relationship revealed that 68.3% of the sample showed class I relationship, 16.1% class II, and 15.6% class III. The result indicates significant differences among the different classes. A greater tendency towards class II facial pattern and more convex profile among Saudis were detected in the present study compared to Caucasians. Furthermore, The dento-alveolar relationship results showed more bi-maxillary protrusion among Saudi females compared to the British Caucasians. Conclusion: The results of the study can serve as a base-line for future investigations in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the results obtained can also be of great value in distinguishing the various skeleto-dental features in the different skeletal classes among the Saudi females, and in the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning.

Skeleto-dental features among a sample of Saudi female children compared to North American standards: A cephalometric study.

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional observational retrospective study aimed at assessing the cephalometric skeleto-dental features of class I, II, and III skeletal relationships of Saudi female school children samples and comparing the results to the established North American Caucasian cephalometric standards. METHODS: The sample consisted of 205 retrospective lateral cephalometric radiographs of female school children. The age range of the subjects was between 10 and 13 years with a mean age of 11 ± 1 years. Several cephalometric and constructed points were identified. Angular, linear, and proportional measurements were obtained and analyzed. The skeleto-dental features of class II and class III were compared to class I of this sample then compared with the established North American Caucasian population. Different angular, linear, and proportional variables were investigated. Descriptive statistics and student t-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The distribution of the skeletal relationship revealed that 68.3% of the sample showed class I relationship, 16.1% class II, and 15.6% class III. The result indicates significant differences between the different classes. A greater tendency towards class II facial pattern and more convex profile among Saudis were detected in the present study compared to Caucasians. Furthermore, The dentoalveolar relationship results showed more Bi-maxillary protrusion among Saudi females compared to the North American Caucasians. CONCLUSION: The results obtained can be of great value in distinguishing the various skeleto-dental features in the different skeletal classes among the Saudi females and in the clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Furthermore, the results of the study can also serve as a base-line for future investigations in Saudi Arabia.

Dental and soft tissue changes following extraction of second premolars in females with bimaxillary protrusion: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Bimaxillary protrusion is a condition wherein esthetic concerns are the main reason behind seeking orthodontic treatment. AIM: The aim of this retrospective cephalometric study was to evaluate the soft tissue profile and dental changes among female Saudi bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of all second premolars followed by retraction of the anterior teeth. Subjects and Methods: Pre and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs of adult female patients (ages 18-30 years) who underwent orthodontic therapy for Class I bimaxillary protrusion were obtained. Data were analyzed with SPSS® software. A paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficients were conducted with the statistical significance set at 95% (P value < 0.05). RESULTS: At posttreatment, there was an overall decrease in the mean values among the majority of the soft tissue and dental cephalometric angles and linear measurements. Among soft tissue variables, there was a marginal increase in the upper lip length by 1.49 mm (P < 0.001), and the nasolabial angle increased markedly by 7.64° (P < 0.001). Similarly, a marked increase in retroclination by 5.95° (P < 0.001) was observed among the dental variables. Conversely, no significant changes were noted in the lower incisors. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between all the different dental variables. Within the soft tissue variables, there was a significant positive correlation between changes in the upper lip protrusion, lower lip protrusion, upper lip thickness, and the distance from the upper and lower lips to the S-line.

Post-orthodontic cephalometric variations in bimaxillary protrusion cases managed by premolar extraction - A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Bimaxillary protrusion is a common dentofacial condition associated with proclination of maxillary and mandibular incisors in relation to the dental and cranial bases resulting in soft tissue procumbency. The present retrospective study aimed to investigate dental and soft tissue profile changes using cephalometric analysis to evaluate bimaxillary protrusion patients after extraction of the first four premolars and subsequent retraction of the anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pre-treatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 46 Saudi patients (16 males and 30 females), 18-30 years of age with bimaxillary protrusion, were selected based on inclusion criteria. Dental and soft tissue landmarks were traced using the Dolphin® imaging software and statistically analyzed with SPSS® 21 software. RESULTS: The upper and lower incisors retroclined by a mean value of 9.6° and 9.65°, respectively, and an average distance of 4.1 mm. The level of maxillary incisor exposure was reduced by approximately 1.1 mm after treatment. A mean increase of 6.6° in the nasolabial angle was also observed. Multiple regression analysis showed that retraction of both upper and lower incisors by 1 mm would result in a 0.44 mm retraction of the upper and lower lips. CONCLUSION: A statistically significant increase in the nasolabial angle and upper lip length was found in relation to upper and lower incisor retraction and retroclination. A significant reduction was also evident in the post treatment upper incisor exposure, facial convexity angle and mentolabial sulcus depth.

The reliability and reproducibility of cephalometric measurements: a comparison of conventional and digital methods.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of angular and linear measurements of conventional and digital cephalometric methods. METHODS: A total of 13 landmarks and 16 skeletal and dental parameters were defined and measured on pre-treatment cephalometric radiographs of 30 patients. The conventional and digital tracings and measurements were performed twice by the same examiner with a 6 week interval between measurements. The reliability within the method was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r²). The reproducibility between methods was calculated by paired t-test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: All measurements for each method were above 0.90 r² (strong correlation) except maxillary length, which had a correlation of 0.82 for conventional tracing. Significant differences between the two methods were observed in most angular and linear measurements except for ANB angle (p = 0.5), angle of convexity (p = 0.09), anterior cranial base (p = 0.3) and the lower anterior facial height (p = 0.6). CONCLUSION: In general, both methods of conventional and digital cephalometric analysis are highly reliable. Although the reproducibility of the two methods showed some statistically significant differences, most differences were not clinically significant.