[Radio-anatomy of anastomoses between the deep femoral artery and the femoro-popliteal axis]. / Radio-anatomie des anastomoses entre artère fémorale profonde et axe artériel fémoro-poplité.

The anastomoses between the deep femoral artery and the femoro-popliteal arterial axes are clearly visible in angiographic studies when there is an obstruction of the main arterial axis. These anastomoses which allow blood to flow into the distal arteries occur especially in the femoral perforating arteries (ramus perforans arteriae femoralis) in the lateral circumflex femoral artery (arteria circumflexa femoris lateralis) and in the medial circumflex femoral arteries (arteriae circumflexae femoris medialis).

[Ischio-popliteal artery trunk, persistence of the axial artery]. / Tronc artériel ischio-poplité, persistance de l'artère axiale.

The authors studied two cases of persistent axial artery of the lower limb, a classic but exceptional variation (42 cases in the literature). It is well explained by embryology and is a recapitulation of anatomy in the animal series. By the systematic study of the literature, we can isolate four distinct types: Type I: Complete axial artery, normal femoral artery. Type II: Id., but incomplete femoral artery, with two subdivisions: II a: Femoral artery is present but incomplete. II b: Femoral artery is absent. Type III: Axial artery only in the proximal zone. Type IV: Axial artery only in the distal zone. In these two last types, the femoral artery is complete. The I, III and IV types correspond to organogenetic perturbation at the stage 21 of Streeter. The type II implies a more early disturbance, prior to stage 18.

[Upper implantation of an axillo-femoral bypass. Technical point]. / L'implantation supérieure du pontage axillo-fémoral. Un point de technique

Very medial implantation of an axillo-femoral by-pass at the level of the external thoracic artery, permits one to avoid mobilisation of the anastomosis during movements of the arm and thus avoid breakdown of the sutures.

[Radio-anatomical study of the arteries of the foot]. / Etude radio-anatomique des artères du pied

30 Cadaveric feet were injected with minium by 3 catheters, one in each foot artery. The A. tibialis posterior is the most voluminous. It branches off in A. plantaris lateralis, main artery of the sole of the foot and A. plantaris medialis, small artery terminating on the medial edge of the big toe (in fact, in most cases (60%), it divides into 3 branches). The third branch has a double destiny, it vascularizes the shell of the calcaneus and it anastomoses with the posterior fibular artery. The A. dorsalis pedis, in 80% of the cases rejoins the lateral plantar artery in the first space. Among the 5 classical branches, the lateral tarsal artery and the dorsal metatarsal artery are constant. The other branches are more uncommun. But some anastomoses are frequent: - with the posterior fibular artery, (20%); - with the anterior fibular artery (10%). The A. fibularis is divided over the talo-tibial joint. Only the posterior branch is always injected. It gives three anastomoses: - The supra-malleolar artery with the posterior tibial artery, of great value because it is able to inject all the foot arteries. - The two others are narrower, the supracalcanean artery with the posterior tibial artery, and the medial supratarsal artery with the lateral tarsal artery. It ends in the sole of the foot after having given the vascularisation of the external face of the calcaneus. It is possible to oppose: The parts with a good vascularisation: - sole of the foot, - internal face of the calcaneus, - external face of the big toe, - internal face of the last 4 toes; The parts with a poor vascularisation: - dorsal face of the foot, - external face of the calcaneus, - internal face of the big toe, - external face of the last 4 toes.

[Atheromatous thromboses of the superficial femoral artery. (Apropos of 400 surgically treated cases)]. / Thromboses athéromateuses de l'artère fémorale superficielle. (A propos de 400 cas opérés)

The authors report a consecutive series of 400 cases of atheromatous thrombosis of the femoral artery operated on between 1962 and 1972, which gave them an overall idea of the results of surgical treatment with a certain follow-up. This study confirms the importance of the state of the vascular bed beyond the obstruction in the maintenance of permeability after the operation. There are 50 p. 100 long-term failures when the thrombosis extends into the popliteal artery. On the other hand, lesions above the thrombosis, in the aortic or iliac arteries, have little influence on the final result, provided they are treated during the same operation. Lumbar sympathectomy alone gave very poor results but one should note that, in this series, it was reserved for the cases with the poorest prognosis, when any other operation was impossible or contra-indicated. In extreme cases, revascularisation alone of the profunda femoris permitted us in almost all cases to save the limb, leaving intact the symptoms of obstruction of the superficial femoral artery, in particular, intermittent claudication.