Hyperbaric oxygen effectively addresses the pathophysiology of long COVID: clinical review.

Background: The World Health Organization defines long COVID as "the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation." Estimations of approximately 50 million individuals suffer from long COVID, reporting low health-related quality of life. Patients develop ongoing persistent symptoms that continue for more than 12 weeks that are not explained by another alternative diagnosis. To date, no current therapeutics are effective in treating the underlying pathophysiology of long COVID. Discussion: A comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted and all available articles from November 2021 to January 2024 containing keywords long covid and hyperbaric oxygen were reviewed. These published studies, including case series and randomized trials, demonstrate that utilizing Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) provided significant improvement in patients with long COVID. Conclusion: A large cohort of patients suffer from long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome after recovery from their acute infection with no effective treatment options. HBO is a safe treatment and may provide benefit for this population and should continue to be researched for adjunctive treatment of long COVID.

Peripheral Nerve Schwannoma: A Review of Varying Clinical Presentations and Imaging Findings.

A schwannoma or neurilemmoma is a benign, isolated, noninvasive, and encapsulated tumor originating from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. The incidence of a schwannoma occurring in the foot and ankle is rare, with prevalence rate of 1% to 10%. Schwannomas have no sex predilection, and they commonly occur in patients in their fourth decade. Malignant transformation of benign schwannoma is unusual; however, it is important to note that malignant variants of schwannomas do exist and account for about 5% to 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. We present 3 cases of benign schwannoma in the lower extremity. All 3 patients presented with varying clinical symptoms, including pain, paresthesia, weakness, and a palpable mass. A schwannoma was eventually diagnosed in all 3 patients. We discuss and review the known entities of peripheral nerve schwannoma and describe the clinical and imaging findings and therapeutic strategies for treating and diagnosing peripheral nerve schwannoma.

Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and radiographic correlation of nonunion of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus: a case report.

Fracture of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus is an uncommon injury that is often missed on plain radiographs. In the present report, we describe the case of an adult male with a chronic nonunited fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus after having undergone clinical and radiographic evaluation in a community hospital emergency department. A review of the computed tomographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and plain film radiographic findings associated with nonunion of the posteromedial tubercle of the talus is also presented.

Penetrating axillary trauma in a survivor of the World Trade Center disaster.

Penetrating axillary trauma is classically associated with gunshot wounds or stab wounds, and it is a cause for concern because of the high risk of vascular injury. We report a case of penetrating axillary trauma to a victim of the World Trade Center disaster. In this case report, we discuss the CT and angiographic findings of both blunt and penetrating axillary injury, and present a diagnostic algorithm.

Hepatic leiomyomas in two adult patients with AIDS: intravenous contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging.

Multiple opportunistic infections and neoplasms have been described in the AIDS population over the past 20 years. Four cases of AIDS-related hepatic smooth muscle tumors (leiomyomas) have been described, and of these, three were in children. The fourth case was in a single patient with two hepatic lesions. We describe the imaging features of two adult cases with biopsy-proven hepatic leiomyomas. In one of the cases, the gadolinium-enhanced MRI findings are described, which have not previously been reported.

Bystander trauma in the World Trade Center disaster.

We present the CT and clinical findings in a 21-year old male who presented to the emergency department following bystander trauma during the rescue effort of the World Trade Center disaster.