O lazer e a arteterapia como coadjuvantes no tratamento da depressão em Belém-PA / Leisure and art therapy as helpers in the treatment of depression in Belém-PA

As desordens psicológicas têm se ampliado neste século e acometem pessoas de diferentes idades e perfis socioeconômicos. Diante desse cenário, o presente trabalho busca debater e demonstrar como o lazer e a arteterapia podem ser alternativas para o tratamento de pessoas com depressão, além de auxiliares no controle do avanço dessa doença, por meio da conexão entre lazer, arte e saúde. Utilizou-se como metodologia as pesquisas bibliográfica e de campo com enfoque qualitativo, cujos dados evidenciaram a carência de trabalhos com o mesmo enfoque e apresentaram um panorama de como psicólogos e arteterapeutas de Belém-PA têm (ou não) utilizado o lazer e a arteterapia como auxiliares ao bem-estar do indivíduo e na prevenção de doenças.

Psychological disorders have expanded in this century and affect people of different ages and socioeconomic conditions. Given this scenario, the present study seeks to discuss and demonstrate how leisure and art therapy can be alternatives for the treatment of people with depression, in addition to helping to control the progress of this disease through the connection between leisure, art, and health. The methods used were bibliographic and field research with a qualitative approach, whose data showed the lack of similar works and showed an overview of how psychologists and art therapists in Belém-PA have (or not) used leisure and art therapy as aids to people's well-being and disease prevention.

Low doses of triazine xenobiotics mobilize ABA and cytokinin regulations in a stress- and low-energy-dependent manner.

The extent of residual contaminations of pesticides through drift, run-off and leaching is a potential threat to non-target plant communities. Arabidopsis thaliana responds to low doses of the herbicide atrazine, and of its degradation products, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine, not only in the long term, but also under conditions of short-term exposure. In order to investigate underlying molecular mechanisms of low-dose responses and to decipher commonalities and specificities between different chemical treatments, parallel transcriptomic studies of the early effects of the atrazine-desethylatrazine-hydroxyatrazine chemical series were undertaken using whole-genome microarrays. All of the triazines under study produced coordinated and specific changes in gene expression. Hydroxyatrazine-responsive genes were mainly linked to root development, whereas atrazine and desethylatrazine mostly affected molecular signaling networks implicated in stress and hormone responses. Analysis of signaling-related genes, promoter sites and shared-function interaction networks highlighted the involvement of energy-, stress-, abscisic acid- and cytokinin-regulated processes, and emphasized the importance of cold-, heat- and drought-related signaling in the perception of low doses of triazines. These links between low-dose xenobiotic impacts and stress-hormone crosstalk pathways give novel insights into plant-pesticide interactions and plant-pollution interactions that are essential for toxicity evaluation in the context of environmental risk assessment.

Root-level exposure reveals multiple physiological toxicity of triazine xenobiotics in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Herbicides are pollutants of great concern due to environmental ubiquity resulting from extensive use in modern agriculture and persistence in soil and water. Studies at various spatial scales have also highlighted frequent occurrences of major herbicide breakdown products in the environment. Analysis of plant behavior toward such molecules and their metabolites under conditions of transient or persistent soil pollution is important for toxicity evaluation in the context of environmental risk assessment. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the action of such environmental contaminants, the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which has been shown to be highly responsive to pesticides and other xenobiotics, was confronted with varying levels of the widely-used herbicide atrazine and of two of its metabolites, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine, which are both frequently detected in water streams of agriculturally-intensive areas. After 24h of exposure to varying concentrations covering the range of triazine concentrations detected in the environment, root-level contaminations of atrazine, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine were found to affect early growth and development in various dose-dependent and differential manners. Moreover, these differential effects of atrazine, desethylatrazine and hydroxyatrazine pointed to the involvement of distinct mechanisms directly affecting respiration and root development. The consequences of the identification of additional targets, in addition to the canonical photosystem II target, are discussed in relation with the ecotoxicological assessment of environmental xenobiotic contamination.

Herbicide-related signaling in plants reveals novel insights for herbicide use strategies, environmental risk assessment and global change assessment challenges.

Herbicide impact is usually assessed as the result of a unilinear mode of action on a specific biochemical target with a typical dose-response dynamics. Recent developments in plant molecular signaling and crosstalk between nutritional, hormonal and environmental stress cues are however revealing a more complex picture of inclusive toxicity. Herbicides induce large-scale metabolic and gene-expression effects that go far beyond the expected consequences of unilinear herbicide-target-damage mechanisms. Moreover, groundbreaking studies have revealed that herbicide action and responses strongly interact with hormone signaling pathways, with numerous regulatory protein-kinases and -phosphatases, with metabolic and circadian clock regulators and with oxidative stress signaling pathways. These interactions are likely to result in mechanisms of adjustment that can determine the level of sensitivity or tolerance to a given herbicide or to a mixture of herbicides depending on the environmental and developmental status of the plant. Such regulations can be described as rheostatic and their importance is discussed in relation with herbicide use strategies, environmental risk assessment and global change assessment challenges.