O conceito de equidade na produção científica em saúde: uma revisão / The concept of equity in scientific production in health: a review

Resumo Este ensaio tem como objetivo identificar como o princípio da equidade é empregado nos estudos brasileiros que versam sobre saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão da produção científica de quatro bases de dados utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde "equidade" e "saúde" em todos os índices. Foram revisados 34 artigos que abordavam o tema da saúde no Brasil. Como resultado, percebe-se que a equidade é entendida na maioria dos artigos como um fator essencial para a justiça social, considerando o contexto de desigualdades sociais no qual o Sistema Único de Saúde se encontra inserido. Houve a predominância do conceito de equidade proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde que destaca a dimensão moral e ética do termo. A concentração da discussão da equidade apenas no nível do acesso indica uma compreensão restrita do termo, que pode ser explicada pela dificuldade em operacionalizá-lo, uma vez que um princípio social se trata de um valor abstrato.

Abstract This study aims to identify how the principle of equity is employed in health studies in Brazil. It features a review of the scientific production of four databases using the Health Sciences Descriptors "equity" and "health" in all of them. Thirty-four articles addressing the topic of health in Brazil were reviewed. Results show that equity is understood in most articles as an essential factor for social justice, considering the context of social inequalities in which the Brazilian Unified Health System operates. There was a prevalence of the concept of equity proposed by the World Health Organization, which emphasizes the moral and ethical dimension of the term. The restriction of the discussion on equity to the level of access suggests a narrow understanding of the term, which can be explained by the difficulty in applying it, since a social principle is an abstract value.

Breast cancer mortality among patients attending a cancer hospital, Vitoria, ES / Mortalidade por cancer de mama em hospital de referencia em oncologia, Vitoria, ES

This study aimed to investigate the association between mortality of breast cancer women and the social-demographic and clinical characteristics. During the mortality study of 1,086 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated from 2000 to 2005 at a cancer hospital in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, medical records and tumor registration cards were controlled. The Mortality Information System and the Reclink program were used to identify 280 deaths. Patients were classified under death and non-death, and variables percentages were calculated. For variables that showed statistical significance, considering the level of 0.10, the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated by logistic regression model. There was a correlation between mortality and the following variables: women coming from the Unified Health System (p = 0.014; OR = 2.38), negative c-erb B-2 tumor marker (p = 0.027; OR = 2.03), advanced (III and IV) staging (p = 0.001; OR = 6.89 and OR = 17.13, respectively), presence of metastasis (p = 0.001; OR = 18.23) and recurrence (p = 0.010; OR = 3.53). Mortality associated with staging underlines the necessity of warning the population about the benefits of early diagnosis of the disease of cancer.

O estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre a mortalidade de mulheres com câncer de mama e as características sociodemográficas e clínicas. No estudo de mortalidade de dados secundários de 1.086 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama, atendidas entre os anos 2000 e 2005 em hospital referência em oncologia na cidade de Vitória, Espírito Santo, houve coleta aos prontuários e às fichas de registro de tumor. Foi utilizado o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e o programa Reclink versão 3.1.6.3160 para identificar 280 óbitos. As pacientes foram estratificadas nas categorias óbito e não óbito e foram calculados os percentuais das variáveis do estudo. Para as variáveis do estudo que apresentaram significância estatística, considerando o nível de 0,10, foram calculados os odds ratio (OR) brutos e ajustados pelo modelo de regressão logística. Houve associação entre mortalidade e as variáveis: encaminhamento procedente do Sistema Único de Saúde (p = 0,014; OR = 2,38), marcador tumoral cerb B negativo (p = 0,027; OR = 2,03), estadiamento III e IV (p = 0,001; OR = 6,89 e OR = 17,13, respectivamente), metástase (p = 0,001; OR = 18,23) e recidiva (p = 0,010; OR = 3,53). A mortalidade associada ao estadiamento ratifica a necessidade da conscientização da população sobre o diagnóstico precoce da doença.

High prevalence of anemia in children and adult women in an urban population in southern Brazil.

This population-based study was designed to detect the prevalence of anemia in a healthy population of children (18 months to 7 years) and women (14 to 30 years) tested in 2006-2007 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil as part of an effort to tackle this massive problem that still affects so many people in the XXI century. Anemia was defined according to the WHO. Capillary blood was measured and socioeconomic status was determined according to the Brazilian Association of Market Research Agencies. The median prevalence of anemia in 2198 children was 45.4% and in 1999 women 36.4%. Anemia decreased with age during childhood; although significantly more prevalent in lower classes individuals, it was also high in the upper classes. There are indirect evidences that the lack of iron supplementation and/or iron fortified food may play a role in it. Professionals and society wise measures of education have to be implemented in order to address possible biologic factors involved in childhood psychosocial development in southern Brazil.

Breast cancer mortality among patients attending a cancer hospital, Vitoria, ES.

This study aimed to investigate the association between mortality of breast cancer women and the social-demographic and clinical characteristics. During the mortality study of 1,086 women diagnosed with breast cancer and treated from 2000 to 2005 at a cancer hospital in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, medical records and tumor registration cards were controlled. The Mortality Information System and the Reclink program were used to identify 280 deaths. Patients were classified under death and non-death, and variables percentages were calculated. For variables that showed statistical significance, considering the level of 0.10, the crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) were calculated by logistic regression model. There was a correlation between mortality and the following variables: women coming from the Unified Health System (p = 0.014; OR = 2.38), negative c-erb B-2 tumor marker (p = 0.027; OR = 2.03), advanced (III and IV) staging (p = 0.001; OR = 6.89 and OR = 17.13, respectively), presence of metastasis (p = 0.001; OR = 18.23) and recurrence (p = 0.010; OR = 3.53). Mortality associated with staging underlines the necessity of warning the population about the benefits of early diagnosis of the disease of cancer.