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BACKGROUND: Agile, accessible and cheap diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential to achieve the elimination of this infection, worldwide, as mandated by the World Health Organzation as part of its strategy for 2030. Dried blood spots (DBS) can be an attractive alternative for sample collection among people living in remote areas and vulnerable populations due to the less invasive collection, its biosafety, and storage & transportation of samples at room temperature. DESIGN: This study aims to estimate the usefulness of dried blood spot samples for the diagnosis and the assessment of HCV infection rates in three different settings in Brazil. Cross-sectional analysis of a sample collection from different populations, aiming to assess the performance of the testing algorithms and respective procedures among different populations with diverse background infection rates. METHODS: We reported the evaluation of DBS as alternative samples for detecting anti-HCV in different groups in real life conditions: (I) Vulnerable subjects living in remote areas of Southeast, North and Northeast Brazil (n = 1464); (II) Beauticians (n = 288); (III) People who use non-injectable drugs (n = 201); (IV) patients referred to outpatient care (n = 275). RESULTS: General assay accuracy was 99%, with a weighted kappa value of 0.9, showing an excellent performance. Sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 100.0% between groups and specificities were above 99.2%. A total of 194 individuals had HCV RNA in serum and concordance of anti-HCV detection in DBS was 98.4%. CONCLUSIONS: DBS samples could be used for anti-HCV detection in different populations recruited in real life conditions and ambulatory settings, with a high overall sensitivity and specificity.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Humanos , Hepacivirus/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Populações Vulneráveis , RNA Viral , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar a soroprevalência para dengue em estudantes da Faculdade Asces,no município de Caruaru-PE. Métodos: O estudo proposto foi do tipo transversal analítico. O trabalho foi realizado com estudantes da Faculdade Asces, município de Caruaru-PE. A pesquisa dos anticorpos IgG contra o vírus da dengue foi realizada por meio do EnsaioImunoenzimático (ELISA). Um questionário com perguntas relacionadas à história de infec-ção por dengue, habitação e saneamento foi aplicado e os resultados foram armazenados e analisados no Excel. Resultados: Das 179 amostras coletadas a soropositividade para IgG anti-dengue foi de 87,1% (156/179), com a média de idade de 21,5 anos e o sexo prevalentefoi o feminino (76,5%). Cerca de 33,5% (60/130) responderam já ter tido dengue alguma vez,porém dos que alegaram não ter tido dengue, 92,1% (58/63) tiveram anticorpos para o vírus.Conclusão: Tendo em vista a grande soroprevalência da dengue na região ações de controle e vigilância da dengue devem ser cada vez mais realizadas, bem como melhorias estruturais que interfiram nas condições de vida e saúde da população.
Objective: Aim to determine the seroprevalence of dengue in students of the Faculty ASCES in the city of Caruaru-PE. Methods: The study was analytical cross-sectional. The research was carried out with students of the courses of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Faculty ASCES, Municipality of Caruaru-PE. The survey of IgG antibodies to dengue virus was performed by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A questionnaire containing questions related to the history of dengue infection, habitation and sanitation was applied and the results were stored and analyzed in Excel. Results: Data and a sample of 179 students were collected. The seropositivity for IgG anti-dengue was 87.1% (156/179). The mean age was 21.5 years and the prevailing gender was female (76.5%). About 33.5% (60/130) confirmed to have had dengue once in lifetime and those who claimed not to have had dengue, 92.1% (58/63) had antibodies to the virus. Conclusion: In view of the great seroprevalence of dengue in the region, dengue control and surveillanc
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Dengue , Anticorpos , Estudantes , Saúde do EstudanteRESUMO
Prison inmates are more vulnerable to HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) due to risk factors such as needle sharing and unprotected sex with homosexuals. The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2) and syphilis among male inmates in Caruaru, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed between May and July 2011, when 1,097 inmates at a prison in Caruaru were assessed by means of interviews and blood sample collection for performing the respective tests. The prevalence was 1.19% for HIV infection and 3.92% for syphilis. HIV infection showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05), with injected drug use, homosexuality and blood transfusions. With respect to HIV status and syphilis, factors related to sex life were statistically significant (p <0.05). The prison population is a high risk group for the diseases investigated. The prevalence rates identified indicate the need to implement prevention programs, helping to contain such diseases in this particular population group.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Sífilis/sangue , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Treponema pallidum/imunologia , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prisioneiros , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Os detentos apresentam maior vulnerabilidade ao HIV e outras Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) devido a fatores de risco como: compartilhamento de seringas e sexo desprotegido. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a soroprevalência e fatores de risco para o HIV-1/2 e sífilis entre presidiários do sexo masculino em Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi realizado um corte transversal no período de maio a julho de 2011, no qual 1097 detentos de uma penitenciária de Caruaru foram avaliados, por meio de entrevista e coleta de amostra de sangue para realização dos testes. A prevalência de infecção pelo HIV foi de 1,19% e de sífilis 3,92%. A associação com a infecção pelo HIV mostrou-se estatisticamente significante com uso de drogas injetáveis, homossexualismo e condição de transfusão (p < 0,05). Em relação à soropositividade para sífilis, fatores relacionados à vida sexual mostraram-se estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05). A população carcerária constitui um grupo de alto risco para as doenças pesquisadas. As taxas de prevalência aqui identificadas indicam a necessidade de implantação de programas de prevenção para que as mesmas não venham a se disseminar no âmbito desta população.
Prison inmates are more vulnerable to HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) due to risk factors such as needle sharing and unprotected sex with homosexuals. The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2) and syphilis among male inmates in Caruaru, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed between May and July 2011, when 1,097 inmates at a prison in Caruaru were assessed by means of interviews and blood sample collection for performing the respective tests. The prevalence was 1.19% for HIV infection and 3.92% for syphilis. HIV infection showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05), with injected drug use, homosexuality and blood transfusions. With respect to HIV status and syphilis, factors related to sex life were statistically significant (p <0.05). The prison population is a high risk group for the diseases investigated. The prevalence rates identified indicate the need to implement prevention programs, helping to contain such diseases in this particular population group.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Sífilis/sangue , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Treponema pallidum/imunologia , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Prisioneiros , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in SLE patients attended at the University Hospital fromOctober 2009 to July 2010. METHOD: the serological markers for HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBc total and anti-HBs) andHCV (anti-HCV) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In HBsAg and/or anti-HBc totaland anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed for HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA by PCR. RESULTS: one hundred andsixty-nine SLE patients were studied and the prevalence of anti-HBc total was 10.1% (17/169) and all were negative forHBV-DNA. The anti-HCV was present in 1.8% (3/169) and only one was HCV-RNA positive, presenting a viral load of212.000 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS: considering the absence of data on HBV in SLE patients in Brazil, the prevalencefound in this study was high when compared to that reported in the general population in the same geographical area.With regard to the seroprevalence of HCV, it was lower than that observed in other Brazilian SLE patients.
OBJETIVO: determinar a soroprevalência do HBV e HCV em pacientes com LES atendidos em Hospital Universitáriode Outubro de 2009 a Julho de 2010. MÉTODO: pesquisaram-se os marcadores sorológicos para o HBV (HBsAg,anti-HBc total e anti-HBs) e HCV (anti-HCV) através de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Nas amostras HBsAg e/ouanti-HBc total e anti-HCV positivas foram pesquisados o HBV-DNA e HCV-RNA, pela reação em cadeia da polimerase(PCR). RESULTADOS: 169 pacientes lúpicos foram estudados e a prevalência do anti-HBc total foi 10,1% (17/169),com negatividade para o HBV-DNA. O anti-HCV esteve presente em 1,8% (3/169) dos pacientes e em apenas um oHCV-RNA foi positivo, com carga viral de 212.000 cópias/mL. CONCLUSÃO: em virtude da inexistência de outrostrabalhos brasileiros que relatem a prevalência do HBV em pacientes lúpicos, verificou-se que a prevalência encontradana pesquisa foi superior a da população local. Com relação à soroprevalência do HCV, esta foi menor do que a verificadaem pacientes lúpicos brasileiros.
RESUMO
Introdução: as condições de trabalho dos cirurgiões-dentistas fazem com eles estejam expostos auma grande variedade de microorganismos presentes especialmente no sangue, na saliva e nas viasrespiratórias dos pacientes. O vírus da hepatite (HCV) pode ser detectado em diversas superfícies deum consultório odontológico, proporcionando risco a estes profissionais. Objetivo: avaliar asoroprevalência e os fatores de risco para o HCV em estudantes de odontologia da FaculdadeAssociação Caruaruense do Ensino Superior (ASCES) em Caruaru-PE. Método: a populaçãoestudada foi composta por 54 alunos matriculados nos dois últimos períodos do curso deOdontologia no período de setembro de 2010. Foi realizada a pesquisa do anti-HCV por ELISA ealguns dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário. Os dados foram armazenados eanalisados pelo Excel 2007. Resultados: não foram encontrados estudantes soropositivos para oanti-HCV. Dos 54 participantes, 38,8%, tinham se acidentado, ocupacionalmente, e 96,3%afirmaram utilizar todos os EPI?s. Conclusão: embora não tenha encontrado estudantessoropositivos para o HCV, muitos estudantes avaliados foram expostos a amostras biológicas comoo sangue por meio de acidentes ocupacionais com material perfuro cortantes, portanto merecendouma futura análise nessa população.
Introduction: the working conditions of dentists do with them being exposed to a wide variety ofmicroorganisms especially in the blood, saliva or patient?s respiratory tract. The hepatitis C virus(HCV) can be detected on several surfaces of a dental office, providing risk to these professionals.Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors for HCV instudents of dentistry in Caruaru-PE. Methods: the study population consisted of 54 studentsenrolled in the last two periods of the dentistry course from September 2010. The research wasperformed in anti-HCV by ELISA and some data were collected through a questionnaire. Data werestored and analyzed by Excel 2007. Results: there were no students tested positive for anti-HCV.Of the 54 participants, 38.8% had occupational accidents and 96.3% reported the use of all personalprotective equipment. Conclusion: although students have not found seropositive for HCV, manyassessed students were exposed to biological samples like blood through needlestick accidents withsharp material thus meriting a further analysis in this popul
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Persistence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in individuals negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) reflects occult infection. The aim of this study was to identify occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients at 5 clinics in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between August 2006 and August 2007. METHODS: Serum samples underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate total antibodies against HBcAg (anti-HBc), HBsAg, and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs). Samples that were HBsAg-negative were tested for total anti-HBc, and those that were positive for total anti-HBc were tested for anti-HBs. HBV DNA was investigated with an in-house PCR technique to identify samples positive for total anti-HBc. Subsequently, the samples positive for HBV DNA were sequenced to identify the genotype and mutations. RESULTS: The study population (n = 752) had a mean age of 50 15.1 years and included both sexes. All samples analyzed were negative for HBsAg. The seroprevalence of total anti-HBc was 26.7% (201/752), while that of anti-HBs was 67.2% (135/201). Total anti-HBc alone was detected in 5.7% of the patients. Occult infection was found in 1.5%, comprising genotypes A (33.3%, 1/3) and D (66.7%, 2/3). No mutations were found. CONCLUSIONS: The study detected occult hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients. Molecular studies on HBV are of fundamental importance because they identify patients that had been considered virus-negative but who, in reality, host the virus and have the ability to transmit it to other patients and staff.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , PrevalênciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Persistence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in individuals negative for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) reflects occult infection. The aim of this study was to identify occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients at 5 clinics in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between August 2006 and August 2007. METHODS: Serum samples underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate total antibodies against HBcAg (anti-HBc), HBsAg, and antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs). Samples that were HBsAg-negative were tested for total anti-HBc, and those that were positive for total anti-HBc were tested for anti-HBs. HBV DNA was investigated with an in-house PCR technique to identify samples positive for total anti-HBc. Subsequently, the samples positive for HBV DNA were sequenced to identify the genotype and mutations. RESULTS: The study population (n = 752) had a mean age of 50 15.1 years and included both sexes. All samples analyzed were negative for HBsAg. The seroprevalence of total anti-HBc was 26.7% (201/752), while that of anti-HBs was 67.2% (135/201). Total anti-HBc alone was detected in 5.7% of the patients. Occult infection was found in 1.5%, comprising genotypes A (33.3%, 1/3) and D (66.7%, 2/3). No mutations were found. CONCLUSIONS: The study detected occult hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients. Molecular studies on HBV are of fundamental importance because they identify patients that had been considered virus-negative but who, in reality, host the virus and have the ability to transmit it to other patients and staff.
INTRODUÇÃO: A persistência do genoma do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em indivíduos com o antígeno de superfície para o HBV (HBsAg) negativo, caracteriza-se como infecção oculta. O objetivo desse trabalho foi identificar infecção oculta pelo HBV em hemodialisados provenientes de cinco clínicas de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, de agosto de 2006 a agosto de 2007. MÉTODOS: Os soros foram submetidos à pesquisa do HBsAg, anticorpos totais para o AgHBc (anti-HBc total) e para os anticorpos contra o antígeno de superfície do HBV (anti-HBs) pelo ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). As amostras negativas para o HBsAg foram testadas para o anti-HBc total e os soros reativos, foram testados para o anti-HBs. O DNA-HBV foi analisado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) in house nas amostras anti-HBc total reagentes. As amostras DNA-HBV positivas foram sequenciadas para a identificação do genótipo e pesquisa de mutação. RESULTADOS: A população estudada foi de 752 hemodialisados, com média de idade de 50±15,1 e ambos os sexos. Todos os soros analisados foram HBsAg negativos. A soroprevalência para o anti-HBc total e anti-HBs foi de 26,7% (201/752) e 67,2% (135/201), respectivamente. O anti-HBc total foi encontrado em 5,7% dos pacientes. A infecção oculta foi identificada em 1,5% (3/201) das amostras, sendo 33,3% com o genótipo A e 66,7% com o D. Nenhuma mutação foi observada. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo encontrou infecção oculta na amostra analisada. A infecção oculta encontrada mostra a importância de estudos moleculares, pois pacientes HBsAg negativos podem albergar o vírus disseminando-o para os demais pacientes.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , DNA Viral/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Genótipo , Vírus da Hepatite B/genética , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Mutação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , PrevalênciaRESUMO
The objectives of this study were to estimate the serum prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a dialysis center in the greater Recife region, and to correlate HCV serum positivity with some risk factors. Analyses were performed on 250 patients of both sexes, with ages ranging from 17 to 92 years old. Epidemiological data on these patients were obtained in order to determine the risk factors for this infection. Anti-HCV antibodies were investigated using fourth-generation ELISA. Statistically significant associations (p<0.05) were observed in relation to the risk factors of hemodialysis duration, number of blood component transfusions and time taken for transfusions. The prevalence was low (8.4%) in relation to other Brazilian studies. However, more studies in other centers are needed in order to estimate the real prevalence of HCV infection among patients undergoing hemodialysis in the State of Pernambuco.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/transmissão , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a soroprevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em um centro de diálise da grande Recife; e associar a soropositividade para o vírus da hepatite C em relação a alguns fatores de risco. Foram analisados 250 pacientes com idade variando de 17 a 92 anos e de ambos os sexos. Dados epidemiológicos desses pacientes foram obtidos para a determinação dos fatores de riscos para esta infecção. A pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HCV foi realizada pelo ELISA de 4ª geração. Foi observado que em relação aos fatores de riscos, como o tempo de hemodiálise, número e período das transfusões de hemocomponentes, foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significante (p< 0,05). A prevalência encontrada foi baixa (8,4 por cento) em relação a outros estudos do Brasil. Entretanto, seriam necessários mais estudos em outros centros a fim de estimar a real prevalência para infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C em pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise em Pernambuco.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the serum prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a dialysis center in the greater Recife region, and to correlate HCV serum positivity with some risk factors. Analyses were performed on 250 patients of both sexes, with ages ranging from 17 to 92 years old. Epidemiological data on these patients were obtained in order to determine the risk factors for this infection. Anti-HCV antibodies were investigated using fourth-generation ELISA. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed in relation to the risk factors of hemodialysis duration, number of blood component transfusions and time taken for transfusions. The prevalence was low (8.4 percent) in relation to other Brazilian studies. However, more studies in other centers are needed in order to estimate the real prevalence of HCV infection among patients undergoing hemodialysis in the State of Pernambuco.
