Antiseizure medication for brain metastasis-related epilepsy: Findings of optimal choice from a retrospective cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of antiseizure medication (ASM) in patients with brain metastasis-related epilepsy (BMRE) treated with radiosurgery and the relationship between ASM and psychiatric comorbidity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional observational design study with retrospective review of medical records of all patients with brain metastases treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy radiosurgery (VMAT-RS) between 2012 and 2018 in a tertiary oncology center. We included those patients with BMRE, analyzing the clinical and demographic data, with special attention to psychiatric comorbidities and the use of ASM. RESULTS: Of the 121 patients with brain metastases included for treatment with VMAT-RS, a total of 38 presented BMRE. The most widely used ASM as first-line treatment was levetiracetam (89%). Only 8% of the patients received sodium channel blockers. The most common psychiatric comorbidity was depression (42.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Levetiracetam is the most widely used ASM in patients with BMRE treated with VMAT-RS. Nevertheless, common psychiatric comorbidities in this population might change the decision-making of ASM choice.

Nurse's A-Phase-Silicocarnotite Ceramic-Bone Tissue Interaction in a Rabbit Tibia Defect Model.

Calcium phosphate materials are widely used as bone substitutes due to their bioactive and biodegradable properties. Also, the presence of silicon in their composition seems to improve the bioactivity of the implant and promote bone tissue repair. The aim of this study was to develop a novel ceramic scaffold by partial solid-state sintering method with a composition lying in the field of the Nurse's A-phase-silicocarnotite, in the tricalcium phosphate-dicalcium silicate (TCP-C2S) binary system. Also, we evaluated its osteogenic and osteoconductive properties after being implanted into tibia defects in New Zealand rabbits. X-ray, microcomputer tomography, and histomorphometry studies demonstrated that this porous ceramic is highly biocompatible and it has excellent osteointegration. The material was being progressively reabsorbed throughout the study and there was no unspecified local or systemic inflammatory response observed. These results suggest that ceramic imitates the physicochemical characteristics of bone substitutes used in bone reconstruction.

Improvement of quality of life in diabetic patients treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.

To assess the quality of life (QoL) of treated patients in order to evaluate the success of peripheral transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and correlate physical parameters with clinical progress at 6 months post-PTA.According to TASC II classifications, 69 patients were selected for PTA. Clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests were performed before, after and after 6 months following PTA. The SF-36 QoL questionnaire was added as an additional parameter.Fifty one patients were included in the study. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) increased from 0.49 ±â€Š0.11 before PTA, to 0.81 ±â€Š0.14 after PTA (P < .001) and 0.76 ±â€Š0.10 at 6 months following PTA (P < .001). Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) increased from 28.05 ±â€Š3.15 mm Hg before PTA, to 39.89 ±â€Š4.12 after PTA (P < .001) and 46.4 ±â€Š3.81 at 6 months following PTA (P < .001). The lumen of the affected blood vessel increased from 29 ±â€Š18% before PTA, to 81 ±â€Š10.3% after PTA (P < .001). SF-36 values increased from 29 ±â€Š18 before PTA, to 81 ±â€Š10.36 at 6 months following PTA (P < .001).The improvement of QoL is the parameter that best describes the symptoms and functionality of the patient, therefore, should be used to determine the successful PTA. Although ABI and TcPO2 with arteries functionality and tissue oxygenation, they are not show a significant correlation with all parameters determined in the QoL questionnaire.

In-vivo behavior of Si-hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone/DMB scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing.

Scaffolds made of polycaprolactone and nanocrystalline silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite have been fabricated by 3D printing rapid prototyping technique. To asses that the scaffolds fulfill the requirements to be considered for bone grafting applications, they were implanted in New Zealand rabbits. Histological and radiological studies have demonstrated that the scaffolds implanted in bone exhibited an excellent osteointegration without the interposition of fibrous tissue between bone and implants and without immune response after 4 months of implantation. In addition, we have evaluated the possibility of improving the scaffolds efficiency by incorporating demineralized bone matrix during the preparation by 3D printing. When demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is incorporated, the efficacy of the scaffolds is enhanced, as new bone formation occurs not only in the peripheral portions of the scaffolds but also within its pores after 4 months of implantation. This enhanced performance can be explained in terms of the osteoinductive properties of the DBM in the scaffolds, which have been assessed through the new bone tissue formation when the scaffolds are ectopically implanted.

Melatonin promotes angiogenesis during repair of bone defects: a radiological and histomorphometric study in rabbit tibiae.

OBJECTIVES: The pineal gland hormone, melatonin, is an immunomodulator and neuroendocrine hormone; it also stimulates monocyte, cytokine and fibroblast proliferations, which influence angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on angiogenesis during bone defect repair by means of radiological and histomorphometric evaluations of bone response to melatonin implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits weighing 3,900-4,500 g were used. Twenty melatonin implants were inserted in the proximal metaphyseal area of the animals' right tibia and 20 control areas were located in the left proximal metaphyseal area. Following implantation, the animals were sacrificed in groups of five, after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken, and radiographic thermal imaging analysis was performed for all groups at different time stages following implant insertion. Samples were sectioned at 5 µm and stained using Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome, supplementing radiographic findings with histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: After 4 weeks, radiological images showed complete repair of the bone defects. No healed or residual bone alterations attributable to the presence of the melatonin implant were observed. Histomorphometric analysis at 4 weeks showed the presence of a higher density newly formed bone. There were statistically significant differences in the length of cortical formation between the melatonin group and the control group during the first weeks of the study; there were also statistically significant differences in the number of vessels observed in the melatonin groups at the first two study stages. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Melatonin may have potential beneficial effects on bone defect repair.

Asociación de intervalo PR corto, intervalo QT largo y muerte súbita en un varón joven / Association of short PR interval, long QT interval, and sudden cardiac death in a young male

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Changes in radiological protection and quality control in Spanish dentalinstallations: 1996-2003

Introduction: The European Union has established specific directives concerning radiological protection which areobligatory for member States. In addition, all Spanish dental clinics with radiological equipment are required tohave an annual quality control check. Objective: To analyze the effect of new European legislation on dental radiologicalpractice in Spain and to determine whether it has resulted in lower doses being administered to patients.Material and Methods: A total of 10,171 official radiological quality control reports on Spanish dental clinics, covering16 autonomous regions, were studied following the passing of Royal Decree 2071/1995 on quality criteriain radiodiagnostic installations. The reports, compiled by U.T.P.R Asigma S.A., a company authorised by the NuclearSafety Council, cover the years 1996 to 2003, which has enabled us to monitor the evolution of radiologicalprocedures in dental clinics over a seven year period. Results: According to the reports for 2003, 77.3 % of clinicscomplied with EU requirements, using equipment of 70 kVp, 8 mA, 1.5 mm Al filters, with a collimator lengthof 20 cm. However, non-compliance was detected in approximately a third (30.8%) of the equipment inspected:alterations in the kilovoltage used, exposure time, performance of the tubing, dosage, linearity/intensity of currentand acoustic-luminous signal 6.86%. The mean skin dose reached 3.11 mGy for patients who received an x-ray ofan upper molar, representing a decrease of 18% over the seven years studied. Conclusion: there has obviously beena general improvement in the parameters studied, but only 77.3% of the installations complied fully with officialEU regulations concerning dental radiological protection (AU)

Changes in radiological protection and quality control in Spanish dental installations: 1996-2003.

INTRODUCTION: The European Union has established specific directives concerning radiological protection which are obligatory for member States. In addition, all Spanish dental clinics with radiological equipment are required to have an annual quality control check. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of new European legislation on dental radiological practice in Spain and to determine whether it has resulted in lower doses being administered to patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 10,171 official radiological quality control reports on Spanish dental clinics, covering 16 autonomous regions, were studied following the passing of Royal Decree 2071/1995 on quality criteria in radiodiagnostic installations. The reports, compiled by U.T.P.R Asigma S.A., a company authorised by the Nuclear Safety Council, cover the years 1996 to 2003, which has enabled us to monitor the evolution of radiological procedures in dental clinics over a seven year period. RESULTS: According to the reports for 2003, 77.3 % of clinics complied with EU requirements, using equipment of 70 kVp, 8 mA, 1.5 mm Al filters, with a collimator length of 20 cm. However, non-compliance was detected in approximately a third (30.8%) of the equipment inspected: alterations in the kilovoltage used, exposure time, performance of the tubing, dosage, linearity/intensity of current and acoustic-luminous signal 6.86%. The mean skin dose reached 3.11 mGy for patients who received an x-ray of an upper molar, representing a decrease of 18% over the seven years studied. CONCLUSION: there has obviously been a general improvement in the parameters studied, but only 77.3% of the installations complied fully with official EU regulations concerning dental radiological protection.

Melatonin plus porcine bone on discrete calcium deposit implant surface stimulates osteointegration in dental implants.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the topical application of melatonin mixed with collagenized porcine bone to accelerate the osteointegration on the rough discrete calcium deposit (DCD) surface implants in Beagle dogs 3 months after their insertion. In preparation for subsequent insertion of dental implants, lower premolars and molars were extracted from 12 Beagle dogs. Each mandible received three parallel wall implants with discrete calcium deposit (DCD) surface of 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length. The implants were randomly assigned to the distal sites on each side of the mandible in three groups: group I implants alone, group II implants with melatonin and group III implants with melatonin and porcine bone. Prior to implanting, 5 mg lyophylized powdered melatonin was applied to one bone hole at each side of the mandible. None was applied at the control sites. Ten histological sections per implant were obtained for histomorphometric studies. After a 4-wk treatment period, melatonin significantly increased the perimeter of bone that was in direct contact with the treated implants (P < 0.0001), bone density (P < 0.0001), new bone formation (P < 0.0001) in comparison with control implants. Topical application of melatonin on DCD surface may act as a biomimetic agent in the placement of endo-osseous dental implants and enhance the osteointegration. Melatonin combined with porcine bone on DCD implants reveals more bone to implant contact at 12 wk (84.5 +/- 1.5%) compared with melatonin treated (75.1 +/- 1.4%) and nonmelatonin treated surface implants (64 +/- 1.4%).

[Nursing care in patients undergoing radiological surgery. A case report]. / Cuidados enfermeros a pacientes intervenidos mediante cirugía radiológica. Caso clínico.

We report the case of a 73-year-old man with medical diagnoses of long-standing diabetes mellitus, chronic ischemia of the lower limbs and intermittent claudication, for which the patient had been treated with minimally invasive radiological surgery. On arrival at the radiology unit, the patient had nursing diagnoses of anxiety and fear. Intraoperatively, the client had nursing diagnoses of pain, urine retention and infection risk. At discharge, a collaboration problem was detected and hemorrhagic risk. The patient received individualized nursing care. Interventions were planned following the nursing intervention classification (NIC) and the expected results for these interventions followed the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) taxonomy. The application of an appropriate nursing care plan contributes to making the patient's hospital stay easier, more comfortable and less traumatic.

Cuidados enfermeros a pacientes intervenidos mediante cirugía radiológica. Caso clínico / Nursing care in patients undergoing radiological surgery. A case report

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente varón de 73 años, con los diagnósticos médicos de diabetes mellitus de larga evolución, isquemia crónica de miembros inferiores y claudicación intermitente, al que se le ha tratado con cirugía mínimamente invasiva radiológica. A su llegada a la unidad de radiología, el paciente presenta los diagnósticos enfermeros de ansiedad y temor; durante el intraoperatorio dolor, retención urinaria y riesgo de infección, y al alta de la unidad se detecta el problema de colaboración y el riesgo de hermorragia. Se le prestan cuidados enfermeros individualizados, y se planifican las intervenciones según las clasificaciones NIC (Nursing Intervention Classification) y los resultados esperados de estas intervenciones según la taxonomía NOC (Nursing Outcomes Classification). La aplicación de un correcto plan de cuidados enfermeros ayuda a que la estancia del paciente en el quirófano sea más fácil, confortable y menos traumática

We report the case of a 73-year-old man with medical diagnoses of long-standing diabetes mellitus, chronic ischemia of the lower limbs and intermittent claudication, for which the patient had been treated with minimally invasive radiological surgery. On arrival at the radiology unit, the patient had nursing diagnoses of anxiety and fear. Intraoperatively, the client had nursing diagnoses of pain, urine retention and infection risk. At discharge, a collaboration problem was detected and hemorrhagic risk. The patient received individualized nursing care. Interventions were planned following the nursing intervention classification (NIC) and the expected results for these interventions followed the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) taxonomy. The application of an appropriate nursing care plan contributes to making the patient's hospital stay easier, more comfortable and less traumatic

Modelo experimental de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo por radiación ultravioleta A / Experimental model of UVA-induced cutaneous photoageing

Antecedentes: La piel puede sufrir, además del envejecimiento cronológico, el fotoenvejecimiento, secundario a las radiaciones ultravioletas, las cuales se consideran el carcinógeno ambiental más potente. Material y métodos: Hemos utilizado 32 ratones Swiss en 4 grupos: I. control; II. TPA (102 sesiones); III. UVA (102 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión); IV. TPA y UVA (32 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión). Al final realizamos la necropsia. La piel del lomo y orejas fueron incluidas en parafina por el método habitual, seccionadas a 5 μm y teñidas con H.E. Valoramos diversos criterios histológicos epidérmicos y dérmicos (+, ++ o +++), por dos observadores distintos. Resultados: Hemos establecido un modelo de fotoenvejecimiento en los dos grupos tratados con UVA que presentaban lesiones de displasia moderada a severa en el grupo irradiado con UVA y carcinomas invasores en el grupo con UVA y TPA, mientras que en el grupo de TPA sólo observamos múltiples áreas de hiperplasia epitelial. Conclusiones: La exposición crónica a UVA asociada al promotor tumoral TPA ha desarrollado un modelo de fotocarcinogénesis cutánea en ratones Swiss

Introduction: Chronological ageing aside, skin may also experience photoageing as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, considered to be the most potent environmental carcinogen. Materials and Methods: 32 Swiss mice (divided into 4 groups) were treated as follows: I (Control); II (TPA: 102 sessions); III (UVA: 102 sessions at 120 minutes/session); IV (TPA & UVA: 32 sessions at 120 minutes/session). Finally, necropsies were performed. The skin from the back and ears was included in paraffin via the usual method, sectioned at 5 μm and stained using H-E. Diverse dermal and epidermal histological criteria were evaluated (+, ++, +++), by two different observers. Results: A model for photoageing was established for both groups treated with UVA, which displayed moderate to severe dysplasia in the case of those treated with UVA alone and invasive carcinoma in the case of those treated with UVA and TPA, whilst only (multiple) areas of epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the group treated with TPA alone. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to UVA in conjunction with the tumour promoter TPA has provided a model for cutaneous photocarcinogenesis in Swiss mice

Modelo experimental de fotoenvejecimiento cutáneo por radiación ultravioleta A / Experimental model of UVA-induced cutaneous photoageing

Antecedentes: La piel puede sufrir, además del envejecimiento cronológico, el fotoenvejecimiento, secundario a las radiaciones ultravioletas, las cuales se consideran el carcinógeno ambiental más potente. Material y métodos: Hemos utilizado 32 ratones Swiss en 4 grupos: I. control; II. TPA (102 sesiones); III. UVA (102 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión); IV. TPA y UVA (32 sesiones, 120 minutos/sesión). Al final realizamos la necropsia. La piel del lomo y orejas fueron incluidas en parafina por el método habitual, seccionadas a 5 μm y teñidas con H.E. Valoramos diversos criterios histológicos epidérmicos y dérmicos (+, ++ o +++), por dos observadores distintos. Resultados: Hemos establecido un modelo de fotoenvejecimiento en los dos grupos tratados con UVA que presentaban lesiones de displasia moderada a severa en el grupo irradiado con UVA y carcinomas invasores en el grupo con UVA y TPA, mientras que en el grupo de TPA sólo observamos múltiples áreas de hiperplasia epitelial. Conclusiones: La exposición crónica a UVA asociada al promotor tumoral TPA ha desarrollado un modelo de fotocarcinogénesis cutánea en ratones Swiss

Introduction: Chronological ageing aside, skin may also experience photoageing as a result of exposure to ultraviolet radiation, considered to be the most potent environmental carcinogen. Materials and Methods: 32 Swiss mice (divided into 4 groups) were treated as follows: I (Control); II (TPA: 102 sessions); III (UVA: 102 sessions at 120 minutes/session); IV (TPA & UVA: 32 sessions at 120 minutes/session). Finally, necropsies were performed. The skin from the back and ears was included in paraffin via the usual method, sectioned at 5 μm and stained using H-E. Diverse dermal and epidermal histological criteria were evaluated (+, ++, +++), by two different observers. Results: A model for photoageing was established for both groups treated with UVA, which displayed moderate to severe dysplasia in the case of those treated with UVA alone and invasive carcinoma in the case of those treated with UVA and TPA, whilst only (multiple) areas of epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the group treated with TPA alone. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to UVA in conjunction with the tumour promoter TPA has provided a model for cutaneous photocarcinogenesis in Swiss mice

Clinical justification of dental radiology in adult patients: a review of the literature.

Although the radiological doses used by dentists are low individually, patients are often exposed to many repeat dental radiographic examinations. The "routine" use of dental radiography, such as screening of all patients using dental panoramic radiography (DPRs) or a random decision to take a dental radiograph, will inevitable lead to unnecessary patient exposure. The use of Radiographic Referral Criteria has now become a legal requirement for all practitioners following the adoption of European Legislation. All exposures to x-rays should be clinically justified and each exposure should be expected to give the patient a positive net benefit. Recently the European Commission has published guidelines on radiation protection in dental radiology. Guidelines have previously been available in a number of European countries and also within the United States. At the present time, no specific guidelines have been published within Spain. The aim of this review article is to provide the Spanish dentist with guidance as to the appropriateness of different radiographic techniques for a variety of clinical conditions and also the frequency with which they should be taken. It is hoped that this document will act as a useful work tool in daily dental practice.

Justificación clínica y radiología dental en pacientes adultos: una revisión de literatura / Clinical justification of dental radiology in adult patients: a review of the literature

Aunque generalmente las dosis de radiación empleadas por los odontoestomatólogos no suelen ser altas, consideradasindividualmente, las exposiciones a las que algunos y determinados pacientes están sometidos pueden ser excesivas.En este sentido, hay que evitar radiaciones rutinarias innecesarias para no incrementar la dosis de irradiación recibidaspor los pacientes.El empleo de criterios de selección radiográfica se ha convertido en requerimientos legales europeos a cumplir por todoslos dentistas. Todas las exposiciones a los rayos X deberían de estar clínicamente justificadas y, a la vez, proporcionarun beneficio neto para el paciente.Recientemente, la Comisión Europea ha publicado unas Guías (1) sobre Protección Radiológica Dental, existentes yaen numerosos países de la Unión Europea (2, 3) y en Estados Unidos (4, 5); sin embargo, en España no se ha publicadoningún documento propio específico que permita difundir un protocolo de actuación en radiología dental.El objetivo de este artículo es proporcionar al odonto-estomatólogo general español guías de actuación en radiología dental apro-piadas para cada situación clínica y, además, recomienda la frecuencia con la que se deben de realizar dichas exploraciones

Although the radiological doses used by dentists are low individually, patients are often exposured to many repeat dental radiographic examinations. The ‘routine’ use of dental radiography, such as screening of all patients using dental panoramic radiography (DPRs) or a random decision to take a dental radiograph, will inevitable lead to unnecessary patient exposure.The use of Radiographic Referral Criteria has now become a legal requirement for all practitioners following the adoptionof European Legislation. All exposures to x-rays should be clinically justified and each exposure should be expected togive the patient a positive net benefit.Recently the European Commission has published guidelines (1) on radiation protection in dental radiology. Guidelineshave previously been available in a number of European countries (2,3) and also within the United States (4,5). At thepresent time, no specific guidelines have been published within Spain.The aim of this review article is to provide the Spanish dentist with guidance as to the appropriateness of different ra-diographic techniques for a variety of clinical conditions and also the frequency with which they should be taken. It ishoped that this document will act as a useful work tool in daily dental practice

Modelo experimental de administración transdérmica de macromoléculas (tinta china e hidroxitirosol) en cobayas / Transdermal administration of macromolecules (Indian ink and hydroxytyrosol). Experimental model in guinea pigs

Introducción: La administración de sustancias por víatransdérmica, mediante electroporación por pulsos cortosde alto voltaje, ha experimentado un enorme desarrollodurante la última década. Material y métodos: Aplicamossobre la piel de cobayas, 5 ml de las suspensiones de tintachina y de hidroxitirosol al 30% en liposomas, aplicandosimultáneamente ondas electromagnéticas durante veinteminutos. Realizamos el estudio morfológico-ultraestructuraly de análisis de imagen mediante biopsias inmediatas ya las 24 y 96 horas y a los 26 días, así como el estudio cromatográficopor HPLC del hidroxitirosol y sus metabolitosen piel, plasma, músculo e hígado. Resultados: Morfológicamenteobservamos partículas de tinta china en el estratocórneo y en los queratinocitos epidérmicos en las biopsiasinmediatas, mientras que en las posteriores, las observamosademás en los anejos y en la dermis papilar y reticular, sinque se observen alteraciones microscópicas ni ultraestructurales.El estudio cromatográfico puso de manifiesto la presenciade hidroxitirosol en todas las muestras analizadas yde algunos de sus metabolitos en hígado y plasma. Conclusión:La electroporación por ondas hectométricas pulsadasha demostrado el transporte transdérmico de dos sustanciasmacromoleculares (tinta china e hidroxitirosol) en cobayas

Introduction: The transdermal administration of substancesvia high-voltage short-pulse electroporation hasundergone tremendous development over this last decade.Material and Methods: 5 ml of suspension of Indian inkand hydroxytyrosol at 30% in liposomes were applied to theof guinea pigs whilst simultaneously applying electromagneticwaves over a twenty-minute period. A study of themorphological-ultrastructure and image-analysis were performedusing biopsies taken at 0, 24 and 96 hours and alsoat 26 days. A chromatographic study was also carried outvia HPLC of the hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites in skin,plasma, muscle and liver. Results: Morphologically speaking,Indian ink particles were observed in the zero hoursbiopsies at the corneous layer and in epidermal keratinocytes,whilst in subsequent biopsies, said particles were alsoobserved in annexes and in the papillar and reticular dermiswith no observed microscopic or ultrastuctural alterations.The chromatographic study revealed the presence ofhydroxytyrosol in all samples analysed and several of itsmetabolites in liver and plasma. Conclusion: Pulsed-hectometric-wave electroporation has demonstrated the transdermaltransport of two macromolecular substances, Indian inkand hydroxytyrosol, in guinea pigs

Treatment of metastatic melanoma B16F10 by the flavonoids tangeretin, rutin, and diosmin.

Melanoma is one of the most frequently metastasizing malignant neoplasias. This study examines an experimental model of pulmonary metastasis and the B16F10 cell subline, highly metastatic in the lung. Antimetastatic effects of the flavonoids tangeretin, rutin, and diosmin were analyzed, and at the same time an analysis of the metastatic activity of ethanol was performed, considered to be necessary because it is used as a vehicle for administering the flavonoids. Lentini's model, which complements the macroscopic evaluation of nodule numbers by using a stereoscopic microscope and image analysis at the microscopic level, was used. The greatest reduction in the number of metastatic nodules (52%) was obtained with diosmin; similarly, the percentages of implantation, growth index, and invasion index (79.40, 67.44, and 45.23%, respectively), were all compared with those of the ethanol group, considered to be an effective control group. Rutin- and tangeretin-treated groups also showed reductions of the same index compared with the ethanol group. It would seem that structural factors would better explain these results and the antimetastatic activity of each flavonoid and the respective metabolites.

[Experimental model for treating pulmonary metastatic melanoma using grape-seed extract, red wine and ethanol]. / Modelo experimental de tratamiento con extracto de semillas de uva, vino tinto y etanol del melanoma metastásico pulmonar.

INTRODUCTION: Melanoma is one of the neoplasias that most frequently metastasize, especially in the lung, where represents a challenge in oncology since current treatment is ineffective, and mortality is high. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Swiss mice (n = 52) were inoculated with 0.5 x 106 B16F10 cell lines and, later, given an oral administration of grape-seed extract, red wine or ethanol. Metastatic nodules on the lung surface were counted and, after processing for microscopy, five sections were selected for image analysis and the invasion index was calculated. RESULTS: Macroscopic analysis showed that grape-seed extract and red wine reduced the number of metastatic nodules by 26.07 and 20.81%, respectively, compared with a control group treated with ethanol. Microscopically, the reduction in the invasion index was 31.65 for grape-seed extract and 17.57% for red wine. CONCLUSION: Ethanol administration significantly increased pulmonary metastasis while grape-seed extract and red wine led to their reduction.