Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment.

Apigenin is a powerful flavone compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables, and it offers numerous health-promoting benefits. Many studies have evidenced that this compound has a potential role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, making it a promising candidate for reducing the risk of pathogenesis. It has also been found to positively affect various systems in the body, such as the respiratory, digestive, immune, and reproductive systems. Apigenin is effective in treating liver, lung, heart, kidney, neurological diseases, diabetes, and maintaining good oral and skin health. Multiple studies have reported that this compound is capable of suppressing various types of cancer through the induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, reduction of inflammation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. When used in combination with other drugs, apigenin increases their efficacy, reduces the risk of side effects, and improves the response to chemotherapy. This review broadly analyzes apigenin's potential in disease management by modulating various biological activities. In addition, this review also described apigenin's interaction with other compounds or drugs and the potential role of nanoformulation in different pathogeneses. Further extensive research is needed to explore the mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of this compound in disease prevention and treatment.

RETRACTED: Aldakheel et al. Employing of Curcumin-Silver Nanoparticle-Incorporated Sodium Alginate-Co-Acacia Gum Film Hydrogels for Wound Dressing. Gels 2023, 9, 780.

The Gels Editorial Office retracts the article, "Employing of Curcumin-Silver Nanoparticle-Incorporated Sodium Alginate-Co-Acacia Gum Film Hydrogels for Wound Dressing" [...].

Structure-based multitargeted docking screening, pharmacokinetics, DFT, and dynamics simulation studies reveal mitoglitazone as a potent inhibitor of cellular survival and stress response proteins of lung cancer.

Lung cancer is a disease in which lung cells grow abnormally and uncontrollably, and the cause of it is direct smoking, secondhand smoke, radon, asbestos, and certain chemicals. The worldwide leading cause of death is lung cancer, which is responsible for more than 1.8 million deaths yearly and is expected to rise to 2.2 million by 2030. The most common type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for about 80% and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is more aggressive than NSCLC and is often diagnosed later and accounts for 20% of cases. The global concern for lung cancer demands efficient drugs with the slightest chance of developing resistance, and the idea of multitargeted drug designing came up with the solution. In this study, we have performed multitargeted molecular docking studies of Drug Bank compounds with HTVS, SP and XP algorithms followed by MM\GBSA against the four proteins of lung cancer cellular survival and stress responses, which revealed Mitoglitazone as a multitargeted inhibitor with a docking and MM\GBSA score ranging from - 5.784 to - 7.739 kcal/mol and - 25.81 to - 47.65kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, we performed pharmacokinetics studies and QM-based DFT analysis, showing suitable candidate and interaction pattern analysis revealed the most count of interacting residues was 4GLY, 5PHE, 6ASP, 6GLU, 6LYS, and 6THR. Further, the results were validated with SPC water model-based MD simulation for 100ns in neutralised condition, showing the cumulative deviation and fluctuation < 2Å with many intermolecular interactions. The whole analysis has suggested that Mitoglitazone can be used as a multitargeted inhibitor against lung cancer-however, experimental studies are needed before human use.

Clinical Assessment of Cytokine Profiles and Haematological Parameters in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related hematological disorders have different pathogenic mechanisms involving immune dysregulation as well as microangiopathy. The current study aimed to assess the relationship between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and SLE-related hematological abnormalities for Saudi Patients. METHODS: The current cross-sectional study including 140 participants was performed at the Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz Hospital (PMAH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Two blood samples were collected from each of the study participants for evaluation of the haematological indices including complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and cytokine profile (i.e., tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)). Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) software, v25. RESULTS: Haematological abnormalities were documented in 63% of SLE patients, and anaemia was the highest at 52%. Haemoglobin levels were found to be significantly lower among SLE patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001). In the cytokine profiles, the levels of TNF-α (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and IL-10 (p = 0.009) were significantly higher among SLE patients compared to the controls. A positive correlation was also identified between TNF-α, platelet count, red cell distribution width (RDW), and ESR. CONCLUSIONS: Haematological abnormalities were found to be the most common among SLE patients. Further, the correlation between cytokine profile and haematological indices indicates the influence of cytokines in the development of haematological abnormalities. Understanding hematological abnormalities and cytokines' role in the pathogenesis of these abnormalities may aid in the early diagnosis and development of more specific SLE disease therapies.