Determinants of neonatal seizure among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the Awi Zone hospitals, 2023: A multi-center unmatched case control study.

Background: Neonatal seizure is a common medical emergency that signals severe insult to the neonatal brain. It is a major risk factor for neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has a wide worldwide variation, ranging from 5 per 1000 live births in the United States of America to 39.5 per 1000 live births in Kenya. To decrease this significant figure, it is better to investigate its causes further. Therefore, this study aimed to assess its determinants since there was no prior evidence about it in the context of study area. Objective: Aim to assess the determinants of neonatal seizures among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units in the Awi Zone Hospitals, 2023. Methods: An institution based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 531 admitted eligible neonates from January 1, 2023, to May 30, 2023. A pretested tool was employed to collect data. The collected data were coded, edited, and entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS 26. Chi-square and odds ratios were used to assess the relationship between factors associated with the occurrence of neonatal seizure. Model goodness of fit was tested by Hosmer and Lemeshow. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was declared at P < 0.25 and P < 0.05 respectively to show a significant association with neonatal seizure at a 95 % level of significance. Results: A total of 506 (130 cases and 376 controls) of admitted neonates were used in the final analysis model. Neonates admitted within 24 h of birth [AOR; 5.98 (95 %, CI: 2.18-16.43)], gestational age <32 weeks [AOR; 2.89 (95 %, CI: 1.29-6.53)], body temperature >37.5 °C [AOR; 4.82 (95 %, CI: 1.82-12.76)], blood glucose level <40 g/dl [AOR; 4.95 (95 %, CI: 2.06,11.88)], neonatal sepsis [AOR; 2.79 (95 %, CI: 1.46-5.35)] and perinatal asphyxia [AOR; 8.25 (95 %, CI: 4.23, 16.12)] were found to be determinants of neonatal seizure. Conclusion: and recommendations: In this study, neonatal seizure was determined by the factors of neonatal age, gestational age<32 weeks, body temperature >37.5 °C, blood glucose level <40 g/dl, neonatal sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia. Therefore, the presence of such factors requires prompt recognition and treatment.

Global prevalence of post-abortion depression: systematic review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression after abortion is a common problem for all women of reproductive age. However, there are not any data on post-abortion depression at a global level. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to find out the global prevalence of post-abortion depression. METHODS: The present study involved a comprehensive search of several databases, including Science Direct, Scopus, EMBSE, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The search was conducted between February 1, 2023, and March 10, 2023. The data was extracted using Microsoft Excel (version 14) and analyzed using STATA statistical software. To evaluate publication bias, a forest plot, Begg's test, and Egger's test were employed. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, and a pooled estimated analysis was conducted. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed based on the study continent/region, World Bank income group, screening instrument, and study design. RESULTS: This analysis included 15 papers with a total of 18,207 research participants out of a total of 657 articles. The overall pooled prevalence of post-abortion depression was found to be 34.5% (95% CI: 23.34, 45.68), with an I2 value of 71.6%. The prevalence of post-abortion depression varied based on geographic location, World Health Organization (WHO) regions, World Bank income category, screening approach, and study design. The highest proportion of post-abortion depression was observed in Asia (37.5%), while the WHO's Eastern Mediterranean region had the greatest rate of post-abortion depression (43.1%). Lower-middle-income countries had the highest frequency of post-abortion depression (42.91%) based on World Bank economic classification. The Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale was found to have the highest incidence of reported depression prevalence (30%) across diagnostic tools. Furthermore, the prevalence of depression was higher in cross-sectional study designs (36.42%) compared to cohort studies (22.7%). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the occurrence of post-abortion depression has been observed to be widespread globally. The prevalence of post-abortion is found to be influenced by several factors, including the methodology employed in the study, the diagnostic tool utilized, the geographical location, and the socioeconomic status of the population. Healthcare providers should prioritize the provision of post-abortion counseling, care, and emotional support to women.

Discontinuation of long acting reversible contraceptive use and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Contraception discontinuation is a major public health issue that leads to unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate discontinuation of contraceptives and its determinants in Ethiopia. Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and Addis Ababa University online library were searched. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA statistical software (v. 14). Publication bias was checked by forest plot, Begg's rank test, and Egger's regression test. To look for heterogeneity, I2 was computed, and an overall estimated analysis was carried out. Subgroup analysis was done by region, study setting, and publication. The pooled odds ratio for associated factors was also computed. Results: Out of 654 studies assessed, 20 met our criteria and were included in the study. The total number of study participants was 8,780. The pooled prevalence of discontinuation of long acting reversible contraceptive use was 36.94% (95% CI: 28.547-45.326). According to sub-group analysis, Amhara region (45%) and institution-based studies (47.9%) had the highest prevalence. The most common reason for contraceptive discontinuation was negative side effect (42.3%).Women experienced side effects (AOR = 2.833:95% CI:2.005-4.003), didn't receive counseling on side effects (AOR = 2.417; 95% CI: 1.591-3.672), didn't appoint follow up (AOR = 2.820; 95% CI: 2.048-3.881), dissatisfied with the given service (AOR = 5.156; 95% CI: 3.644-7.296), and a desire to be pregnant (AOR = 2.366; 95% CI: 1.760-3.182) were predictors of discontinuation of contraceptives. Conclusion: In Ethiopia, the pooled prevalence of long acting contraceptive discontinuation was high. Side effects, not being informed about side effects, dissatisfaction with the provided service, no insertion follow-up, and a desire to become pregnant were all associated factors. Healthcare professionals should focus on the client's reproductive goals, proper management of side effects, counseling, and post-insertion visits. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022347860, identifier CRD42022347860.

The determinants of 5th minute low Apgar score among newborns who delivered at public hospitals in Hawassa City, South Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Newborn morbidity and mortality are forecasted using the Apgar scores. Obstetricians worldwide have used the Apgar score for more than half a century for the assessment of immediate newborn conditions. It is a simple and convenient evaluation system that offers a standardized and effective assessment of newborn infants. Neonatal morbidity and mortality can be reduced if high-risk neonates are identified and managed adequately. This study aimed to assess the determinants of 5th minute low Apgar score among newborns at Public hospitals in Hawassa city, South Ethiopia. METHODS: A hospital-based unmatched case-control study was conducted at Public Hospitals in Hawassa city. Data were collected from 134 cases and 267 controls using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by observing, interviewing, and reviewing patient cards. Newborns who delivered with a 5th minute Apgar score < 7 were considered as cases; whereas a similar group of newborns with a 5th minute Apgar score of ≥ 7 were categorized as controls. A consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit cases, while a simple random sampling technique was used to select controls. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi Data version 3.1 and SPSS version 20 respectively. Binary and multivariable analyses with a 95 % confidence level were performed. In the final model, variables with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: After controlling for possible confounding factors, the results showed that lack of physical and emotional support during labor and delivery [AOR = 3.5, 95 %CI:1.82-6.76], rural residence [AOR = 4, 95 %CI: 2.21-7.34], lack of antenatal care follow up [AOR = 3.5, 95 % CI: 1.91-6.33], anemia during pregnancy [AOR = 2.3,95 %CI: 1.10-4.71] and low birth weight [AOR = 6.2, 95 %CI: 2.78-14.03] were determinant factors of low Apgar scores. The area under the Apgar score ROC curve was 87.4 %. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of physical and emotional support, rural residence, lack of ANC follow-up, low birth weight, and anemia during pregnancy were determinant factors of a low Apgar score. `Effective health education during preconception about anemia during pregnancy and ANC will help in detecting high-risk pregnancies that lead to a low Apgar score. In addition to the standard care of using electronic fetal monitoring, increasing access to compassion ships during labor and delivery is recommended.

Utilization of companionship during delivery and associated factors among women who gave birth at Arba Minch town public health facilities, southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Companionship during delivery is an important feature of compassionate and respectful maternity care. It has a positive impact on delivery and birth outcomes. In low resource countries like Ethiopia lack of companionship discourages women from accessing facility-based delivery care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the utilization of companionship during delivery and associated factors. METHODS: Health facility-based cross-sectional study design was done from October to November 2019. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect the data from 418 study participants. The data were entered with Epi data version 4.4 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done. Statistical significance was declared at P- values < 0.05 with a 95% confidence level. RESULTS: The finding of the study showed that only 13.8% of mothers utilize companionship during delivery. Variables such as having a desire to have companionship during delivery in the health facilities (AOR = 5.17, CI 95% 2.63, 10.16), having complication during the labor and delivery (AOR = 3.48, CI 95%, 1.81, 6.70), and being primipara (AOR = 2.05, CI 95% 1.09, 3.87) were the independent factors associated with companionship utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of the study showed that the utilization of companionship during delivery was low. Permitting women to have a companion of choice during labor and childbirth can be a cost-effective intervention to improve the quality of maternity care, facing complications during delivery, having a desire to have companionship during delivery and primiparous women were more likely to utilize companionship. To improve this low utilization of companionship institutions and care providers should provide information about companionship during antenatal care attendance. Besides, there is a need for clear guidelines to govern the practice of companions.

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.