Media framing and construction of childhood obesity: a content analysis of Swedish newspapers.

Objective: Despite lower prevalence than most European countries, childhood obesity is a Swedish public health priority due to its lasting health impacts and socioeconomic patterning. Mass media content influences public and political perceptions of health issues, and media framing of childhood obesity may influence perceptions of its solutions. This study examines framing of childhood obesity in Swedish morning and evening newspapers from 1996 to 2014. Methods: Content analysis of 726 articles about childhood obesity published in the five most-circulated Swedish newspapers. Article content coded quantitatively and subjected to statistical analysis, describing relationships between themes and trends over time. Results: Childhood obesity was consistently problematised, primarily in health terms, and linked to socio-economic and geographical factors. The yearly frequency of articles peaked in 2004, followed by a decline, corresponding with evidence about prevalence. Childhood obesity was framed as being driven by individual behaviours more frequently than structural or environmental factors. Structural framings increased over time, but constructions of the problem as driven by individual behaviours, particularly parenting, remained prominent. Conclusions: A relative growth in structural framings of causes and solutions over time, combined with prominent coverage of socio-economic inequalities, might be indicative of public and political amenability towards societal-level solutions, but individual behaviours remain prominent in framing of the issue. Health advocates might incorporate these insights into media engagement.

Nucleon Spin and Momentum Decomposition Using Lattice QCD Simulations.

We determine within lattice QCD the nucleon spin carried by valence and sea quarks and gluons. The calculation is performed using an ensemble of gauge configurations with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to approximately reproduce the physical pion mass. We find that the total angular momentum carried by the quarks in the nucleon is J_{u+d+s}=0.408(61)_{stat}(48)_{syst} and the gluon contribution is J_{g}=0.133(11)_{stat}(14)_{syst}, giving a total of J_{N}=0.54(6)_{stat}(5)_{syst} that is consistent with the spin sum. For the quark intrinsic spin contribution, we obtain 1/2ΔΣ_{u+d+s}=0.201(17)_{stat}(5)_{syst}. All quantities are given in the modified minimal subtraction scheme at 2 GeV. The quark and gluon momentum fractions are also computed and add up to ⟨x⟩_{u+d+s}+⟨x⟩_{g}=0.804(121)_{stat}(95)_{syst}+0.267(12)_{stat}(10)_{syst}=1.07(12)_{stat}(10)_{syst}, thus satisfying the momentum sum.

Direct Evaluation of the Quark Content of Nucleons from Lattice QCD at the Physical Point.

We evaluate the light, strange, and charm scalar content of the nucleon using one lattice QCD ensemble generated with two degenerate light quarks with mass fixed to their physical value. We use improved techniques to evaluate the disconnected quark loops to sufficient accuracy to determine the strange and charm nucleon σ terms in addition to the light quark content σ_{πN}. We find σ_{πN}=37.2(2.6)(4.7/2.9) MeV, σ_{s}=41.1(8.2)(7.8/5.8) MeV, and σ_{c}=79(21)(12/8) MeV, where the first error is statistical and the second is the systematic error due to the determination of the lattice spacing, the assessment of finite volume, and residual excited state effects.

Secondary orbital implant insertion in an anophthalmic patient after orbital reconstruction.

The authors report the case of a 20-year-old man who underwent enucleation of his right eye with teratoma when he was an infant, without volume replacement by an implant. As a result, an underdeveloped shallow bony orbit finally occurred. Also, a contracted socket was present with shallow lower fornix, making ophthalmic prosthesis fitting almost impossible. The patient underwent surgical reconstruction of the orbit with expansion of the orbit vertically and horizontally. A secondary implant with an adequate volume was inserted to correct the orbital volume deficit. The previous expansion of the orbit allowed the insertion of an 18 mm-diameter hydroxyapatite implant wrapped in fascia lata. The lower fornix was expanded with a mucosal graft in order to overcome the socket contraction and the conjunctival shortage. The authors conclude that the final result of this approach is satisfactory. Almost 20 years after enucleation of an eye with teratoma, an attempt was made to correct most of the difficult problems dealing with a malformed shallow orbit and a contracted socket. The young patient is now able to wear a fine ophthalmic prosthesis and his appearance is greatly improved.

N-to-Delta axial transition form factors from lattice QCD.

We evaluate the N to Delta axial transition form factors in lattice QCD with no dynamical sea quarks, with two degenerate flavors of dynamical Wilson quarks, and using domain wall valence fermions with three flavors of staggered sea quarks. We predict the ratio C(5)(A)(q(2))/C(3)(V)(q(2)) relevant for parity violating asymmetry experiments and verify the off-diagonal Goldberger-Treiman relation.

Evidence for diquarks in lattice QCD.

Diquarks may play an important role in hadron spectroscopy, baryon decays, and color superconductivity. We investigate the existence of diquark correlations in lattice QCD by considering systematically all the lowest energy diquark channels in a color gauge-invariant setup. We measure mass differences between the various channels and show that the positive parity scalar diquark is the lightest. Quark-quark correlations inside the diquark are clearly seen in this channel, and yield a diquark size of O(1) fm.

N-to-delta electromagnetic-transition form factors from lattice QCD.

The magnetic dipole (M1), the electric quadrupole (E2), and the Coulomb quadrupole (C2) amplitudes for gammaN-->Delta are calculated in quenched lattice QCD. Using a new method, which combines an optimal choice of interpolating fields for the Delta and an overconstrained analysis, we obtain statistically accurate results for the dipole form factor and for the ratios R(EM)=E2/M1 and R(SM)=C2/M1, up to momentum transfer squared 1.5 GeV2. We show for the first time, using lattice QCD, that both R(EM) and R(SM) are nonzero and negative, in qualitative agreement with experiment and indicating the presence of deformation in the N/Delta system.