Long-term effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus level, and feed form during rearing on egg production, eggshell quality, and bone traits in brown laying hens from 30 to 89 wk of age.

The effects of feeding strategies during rearing (0-16 wk) of brown laying hens on mid and end laying performance (30-89 wk) were studied. The rearing feeding strategies followed a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with feed form; mash with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw (MWS), crumbles with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw (CWS), and crumbles with inclusion of 3% unground oat hulls as fiber sources (COH) at 2 dietary Ca and P levels (high or low Ca-P). Feed conversion ratio improved with COH and MWS compared with CWS from 30 to 59 wk. Rate of lay and egg mass production showed a feed form × Ca-P interaction from 60 to 89 wk. Low Ca-P led to a higher egg production, but only when COH and MWS were fed. BW at 89 wk was higher with CWS compared to COH and MWS. BW uniformity was better with COH compared to MWS at 51 wk and both CWS and MWS at 67 wk. Tibia characteristics were not clearly affected by treatment, although there was a feed form × Ca-P interaction on compression at 89 wk, where compression was lower with MWS and low vs. high Ca-P. Low Ca-P during rearing led to higher eggshell thickness, compared to high Ca-P at 45 wk of age, but breaking strength was lower with low vs. high Ca-P at 75 wk. Although eggshell quality was affected by Ca-P and there were some interactions with feed form at some ages, the effect was not consistent. There was no clear relationship between eggshell quality and tibia characteristics. It was concluded that feeding low Ca-P in combination with COH and MWS during the rearing period positively affects egg production during late lay. Also, dietary Ca-P levels, compared to commercial practice, can be lowered during rearing, as this will not affect eggshell quality and bone mineralization at later ages.

The effects of dietary calcium and phosphorus level, and feed form during rearing on growth performance, bone traits and egg production in brown egg-type pullets from 0 to 32 weeks of age.

In a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, effects of feed form (crumbles (CWS), mash (MWS), both with inclusion of 3% finely ground wheat straw, or crumbles with inclusion of 3% oat hulls (COH)), and dietary Ca and P (high and low Ca-P) from 0 to 16 wk of age were studied on growth performance, bone characteristics, and gizzard development of egg-type pullets. The cross-over effect of feeding strategy during rearing on laying performance and egg shell quality was studied from 19 to 32 wk of age. From 0 to 16 wk, ADG, ADFI, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved with CWS and COH compared to MWS, but ADG and FCR were improved with MWS compared to CWS and COH from 11 to 16 wk. Uniformity of BW till 11 wk, and tibia breaking strength at 6 and 16 wk were higher with CWS and COH compared to MWS. Tibia ash content at 11 wk and relative empty proventriculus + gizzard weight (EPG) were lower with CWS and COH compared to MWS, also relative EPG at 11 and 16 wk was higher with COH compared to CWS. At 25 wk BW was lower with MWS compared to CWS and COH, but BW was equal for all treatments at 32 wk. The FCR for egg production was improved with COH compared to MWS. Egg shell parameters were not affected by feed form during rearing. Low Ca-P decreased BW uniformity at 6 wk, relative keel bone weight and ash content at 11 wk, tibia ash content at 11 and 16 wk, increased relative EPG at 6 wk, and improved egg shell quality at 32 wk of age. It was concluded that feeding CWS and COH compared to MWS increased growth performance, but had no clear cross-over effect on egg production. Low dietary Ca-P led to a lower bone mineralization during rearing, nevertheless improved egg shell quality at 32 wk.

El uso del teléfono en pacientes con implante coclear / Telephone use in cochlear implanted patients

El uso del teléfono supone un reto importante para los pacientes con implante coclear ya que pueden aparecer distintas limitaciones que deberán superar: falta de apoyo visual, la eliminación de las frecuencias agudas en la señal telefónica, ruido ambiental, interferencias de los teléfonos móviles con el procesador externo del implante, la ansiedad producida ante un interlocutor que muchas veces es desconocido, etc. El propósito de este estudio es analizar el uso que los pacientes implantados en el Hospital Universitario La Paz hacen del teléfono y averiguar cuáles son los aspectos que presentan una mayor dificultad, así como su posible solución para mejorar su percepción de las conversaciones telefónicas. También realizamos una comparativa de las interferencias que los pacientes sufren con diferentes modelos de móvil, con el fin de descubrir cuáles son los terminales mas recomendados para minimizar dichas interferencias. Con este fin se envió un cuestionario a 21 pacientes implantados con un COMBI 40+ de MED-EL. Todos los pacientes del estudio utilizaban el teléfono fijo en alguna medida y, un porcentaje de ellos (66,7 por ciento), también el móvil. Los modelos de telefonía móvil más modernos parecen ser los más recomendables para estos pacientes, ya que producen menos interferencias con el implante (AU)

Factores predictivos de eficacia en las profilaxis antimicrobianas para la otitis media aguda de repetición / Predictive factors of efficacy in antimicrobial prophylaxis for acute recurrent otitis media

Objetivo: Estudiar los factores pronósticos que puedan influir en el resultado de las pautas antibióticas usadas para la otitis media aguda de repetición (OMAR). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre 69 pacientes con OMAR evaluados entre enero de 1998 y mayo de 1999 en la Sección de Otorrinolaringología Infantil del Hospital Universitario de La Paz, a los que se les realizó profilaxis. En todos los casos se registraron 17 variables pronósticas que influían en el resultado del tratamiento: edad, sexo, antecedentes familiares de OMAR, historia de prematuridad, de alergias, asistencia a guardería, fumadores en la familia, tabaquismo materno, coincidencia con erupción dentaria, historial de síntomas relacionados con obstrucción de la vía respiratoria superior (ronquido, respiración oral y amígdalas obstructivas), número de amigdalitis al año, edad a la que tuvo la primera otitis media aguda, estación del año en que se comienza la profilaxis y características de la alimentación neonatal (materna o artificial, y posición). Resultados: La media de edad resultó ser de 35,3 meses (límites, 9-120 meses). Treinta y ocho eran niños (55,1%) y 31 niñas (44,9%). Los factores relacionados con una mejor respuesta al tratamiento resultaron ser la edad temprana en el primer episodio de otitis media aguda (p 0,004) y los antecedentes familiares positivos de OMAR (p 0,047). Conclusiones: Los niños que se benefician más de las pautas antimicrobianas para la prevención de la OMAR son los que tienen su primer episodio a edad más temprana y los que tienen antecedentes familiares positivos de OMAR (AU)

[Predictive factors of efficacy in antimicrobial prophylaxis for acute recurrent otitis media]. / Factores predictivos de eficacia en las profilaxis antimicrobianas para la otitis media aguda de repetición.

OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was designed to assess the most relevant prognostic factors influencing outcome in children treated with antibiotics for recurrent acute otitis media (AOM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 69 patients with recurrent AOM who received prophylactic treatment in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology Section of our hospital between January 1998 and May 1999. In all patients, 17 variables were registered: age, sex, family history of recurrent AOM, history of prematurity, history of allergies, use of day care centers, household smokers, maternal smoking, coincidence with dental eruption, symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction (snoring, breathing through the mouth, obstructive tonsils), episodes of tonsillitis per year, age at first AOM episode, season in which prophylaxis was started, and characteristics of neonatal feeding (breast or bottle feeding and position). ResultsThe mean age was 35.3 months (range: 9-120 months). There were 38 boys (55.1 %) and 31 girls (44.9 %). The factors related to a more favorable response to treatment were lower age at the first AOM episode (p 0.004) and a positive family history of AOM (p 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: The children that benefitted most from the prophylactic schedules for recurrent AOM were those that had the first episode at an earlier age and who had a positive family history of the disease.