Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Breast Cancer Screening Among Women in Saudi Arabia.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, by the end of 2020, an estimated 7.8 million people was living with breast cancer diagnosed between 2015 and 2020; in Saudi Arabia, more than fifty percent of cancer cases are detected in late stages, which results in increased mortality rates and reduces the chances of remission. Breast cancer screening using mammography in women fifty years and older worldwide and in women forty years and older in Saudi Arabia shows a significant decrease in morbidity and mortality. However, screening rates are not satisfactory and require further investigation. Methods: This cross-sectional study included women aged 40 years and older. Data was collected through an online survey distributed via social media platforms to all regions of Saudi Arabia. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to examine the difference in the distribution of study variables among women who had received breast screening and those who had not. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the risk of not having breast cancer screening. Results: A total of 973 participants completed the survey. Among respondents, 476 (48.9%) had been screened at least once in their lifetime. The main motivators for screening were: receiving an advice from a physician (41.8%), interest in early detection (39.8%), and receiving free mammography (29.7%). On the other hand, the main barriers to receiving breast cancer screening were: finding screening unnecessary (24.2%), believing screening to be painful (22.1%), and fearing abnormal results (18.6%). Conclusion: We found that nearly half of the targeted screening group had never received mammography screening. These results warrant urgent attention, as early detection is key to better outcomes. Our study's results aid in better understanding the public's points of view and inform interventions to improve breast cancer.

Chances of Liver Transplantation in a Patient With Transaldolase Deficiency Complicated by Hepatopulmonary Syndrome.

Eyaid's syndrome or Transaldolase Deficiency (TD) (OMIM 606003) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. In this report, we describe the case of an eight-year-old Saudi girl with a history of hepatosplenomegaly since infancy, who presented to the emergency department for a short history of cough and worsening cyanosis. She had growth retardation, facial dysmorphia, cardiac defect, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, besides hepatosplenomegaly. A thorough investigation led to the diagnosis of hepatopulmonary syndrome and whole exome sequencing showed a homozygous frameshift variant in the TALDO1gene, c.793del, p.Gln265fs. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with TD complicated with hepatopulmonary syndrome, and the indication of liver transplantation was discussed.

Home Self-Massage Device Necessitates Public Awareness: Vertebral Artery Dissection Associated With a Home Massage Device.

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a common cause of stroke in middle-aged individuals. Patients with VAD usually describe a trivial minor neck trauma preceding the event. Such traumas may be associated with spinal manipulation or sudden movements of the neck. Our case is a 43-year-old lady who presented with a history of sudden-onset dizziness, dysarthria, nausea/vomiting, tinnitus, and imbalance. Two days prior to her presentation, she experienced a new-onset moderate to severe intensity headache along with neck pain. The patient mentioned a first-time use of a home massage device three weeks prior to headache onset. After investigations, the patient was diagnosed with VAD, and treatment was initiated. She was discharged in stable condition. With the recent increased popularity of home massage devices, we report this case to raise awareness about the safe use of massage devices in order to prevent the occurrence of such injuries and complications.

Cardiac Catheterization During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After Congenital Cardiac Surgery: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study.

Cardiac catheterization can affect clinical outcomes in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after congenital heart surgery; however, its effect in this group of patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and outcome of cardiac catheterization in patients undergoing ECMO after congenital cardiac surgery and determine predictors that influence successful weaning. This retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients who underwent cardiac catheterization while on ECMO after congenital heart surgery in two cardiac centers between November 2012 and February 2020. Predictors of successful weaning from ECMO were studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Of 123 patients on ECMO support after congenital cardiac surgery, 60 patients underwent 60 cardiac catheterizations (31 diagnostic and 29 interventional). Thirty-four (56.7%) and 22 patients (36.7%) underwent successful decannulation from ECMO support and survived after hospital discharge, respectively. Patients who underwent earlier catheterization (within 24 h of ECMO initiation) had more successful weaning from ECMO and survival compared to others. Patients who underwent an interventional procedure (interventional catheterization or redo cardiac surgery after cardiac catheterization) had better survival than those who underwent only diagnostic catheterization (P = 0.038). Shorter durations of ECMO was the most important predictor of successful weaning from ECMO. Early cardiac catheterization greatly impacts successful weaning from ECMO and survival. Patients with correctable lesions amenable either by catheterization or redo surgery are more likely to survive. Shorter durations of ECMO could have a significant influence on successful weaning from ECMO and survival.