Comparison of Ropivacaine versus Bupivacaine in Spinal-Induced Hypotension in Preeclampsia Patients: A Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is considered to be the safest method of anesthesia for cesarean sections in patients with preeclampsia. Patients with preeclampsia are at an increased risk of experiencing severe hypotension following spinal anesthesia, which could have more profound and deleterious effects on both the fetus and the mother. However, bupivacaine, the most commonly used drug, can induce severe hypotension even at low doses. The purpose of this study is to minimize post-spinal hypotension in both the mother and the fetus. Objectives: To determine and compare the reduction in hypotension following spinal anesthesia in patients with preeclampsia between the ropivacaine and bupivacaine groups. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, a total of 90 parturients with preeclampsia undergoing spinal anesthesia were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups: One receiving ropivacaine and the other receiving bupivacaine. The dose of spinal ropivacaine was 15 mg of a 0.5% solution, and the dose of bupivacaine was also 15 mg of a 0.5 % solution. Hemodynamic parameters, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, were recorded following the administration of spinal anesthesia. Pain scores and the time until the return of motor movement were also documented. Results: For statistical analysis, the t-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA tests were utilized to compare the groups. Demographic variables, including maternal age, gestational age, parity, and gravidity, were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The trend of mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in the bupivacaine group compared to the ropivacaine group at all measured time points in the study (P < 0.05). The amount of ephedrine used after spinal anesthesia was significantly different at 2 and 4 minutes in the ropivacaine group compared to the bupivacaine group (P = 0.012, P = 0.025). Post-operative pain scores at 1 hour in recovery were not significantly different between the ropivacaine and bupivacaine groups (P = 0.015). The time to knee movement was also significantly shorter in the ropivacaine group compared to the bupivacaine group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Ropivacaine reduces the incidence of hypotension in spinal anesthesia compared to bupivacaine for cesarean section in patients with preeclampsia. This is attributed to a lower occurrence of spinal-induced hypotension, improved hemodynamic control, reduced ephedrine usage, and faster patient ambulation. A future study could focus on investigating different dosages of both drugs with a larger number of participants.

Efficacy of Dry Cupping versus Counselling with Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Approach on Fertility Quality of Life and Conception Success in Infertile Women due to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Physical and psychological interventions could affect the quality of life (QoL) of women with infertility. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dry cupping and counselling with the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) approach on fertility QoL and conception success in infertile women due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This was a two-arm pilot randomized clinical trial from first January 2021 to the end of November 2022. In this regard, 19 women with infertility who were referred to the health centers affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups (10 in the virtual MBCT group and 9 in the cupping group). All participants completed the fertility quality of life (FertiQol) tool before the intervention and three months after the end of the intervention. In addition, after the end of the intervention, a human chorionic gonadotropin test was performed monthly for three months, too. We used ANOVA/ANCOVA and its related effect sizes, including mean difference (MD) and standard mean difference (SMD: Hedges's g), and chi-square tests to compare the study group outcomes in Stata 14.2. P-values equal to or less than 0.10 were considered significant. Results: The intervention resulted in significant differences in the mean overall scores of FertiQol between the counseling and cupping groups (61.76±14.28 and 50.65±12.53, respectively) [P=0.091, MD=11.11 (90% CI: 0.33 to 21.89), SMD=1.07 (90% CI: 0.279 to 1.84)]. No significant difference was found in conception rates between the groups after the intervention. Conclusion: This pilot study found that MBCT improved the fertility QoL in PCOS-related infertility patients better than cupping therapy. Trial registration: IRCT201706110334452N1.

Psychometric and clinical assessment of the Persian-SCREENIVF among infertile couples.

There is a significant rate of infertility and subsequent psychological problems among couples worldwide. Screening and treatment of the emotional burden of infertility and related Assistant Reproductive Therapies help to improve the quality of life of infertile people. Specific instruments which measure infertility-related status are more accurate. This study aimed to validate the SCREENIVF questionnaire to be used for the psychological screening and care of couples who seek infertility treatment. This quantitative psychometric study was run in infertility private and governmental clinics in XXX on 344 infertile women and men. They filled Persian-SCREENIVF. The Rasch-Andrich rating scale model was applied to investigate the psychometric quality of the survey. Additionally, structural equation modelling was run for model fit and construct validity as well. Moreover, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to examine the effects of demographic variables on the extracted constructs of the instrument in the population of the study. The results revealed five constructs in the questions with the corresponding items. Overall, the demographic variables have no contribution to these five constructs. Persian-SCREENIVF can be used for further studies about emotional disturbances in infertility problems.

Comparison Between the Effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) Model and Psychoeducational Counseling on Sexual Satisfaction and Contraception Method Used Under the Coercion of the Spouse in Iranian Women: A Randomized, Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Women play an essential role in maintaining the family's health, and family planning is part of women's and families' health. The couple's mutual understanding of family planning methods is essential in selecting contraception. Acceptance of and satisfaction with different contraception methods can impact sexual satisfaction. The present study aimed to compare the effect of the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) model and psychoeducational counseling on sexual satisfaction and contraception methods of women referring to health centers in Kerman. METHODS: This trial was conducted on 81 women aged 18 to 45, in Kerman health centers, from 2021 to 2022. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 people (control, psychoeducational counseling, and IMB method). Three online counseling sessions were held for the psychoeducational group, and four were held for the IMB group. The control group received routine care. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis using nonparametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 32.59 ± 7.04, and the majority of them had university degrees and were homemakers. The mean sexual satisfaction score significantly increased immediately after the intervention and 1 month later in the 2 interventional groups (p < 0.0). Changes in contraception methods after intervention were significant in the psychoeducational group (p = 0.0) CONCLUSION: The results indicate the positive impact of psychological counseling on women's sexual satisfaction and contraception method. The IMB method also impacted men's sexual satisfaction but did not lead to any changes in the contraceptive method.

OBJETIVO: A mulher desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da saúde da família, e o planejamento familiar faz parte da saúde da mulher e da família. A compreensão mútua do casal sobre os métodos de planejamento familiar é essencial na seleção da contracepção. A aceitação e a satisfação com os diferentes métodos contraceptivos podem afetar a satisfação sexual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito do modelo informação-motivação-comportamental (IMB) e aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e métodos contraceptivos de mulheres encaminhadas para centros de saúde em Kerman. MéTODOS: Este estudo foi realizado em 81 mulheres de 18 a 45 anos, nos centros de saúde de Kerman, de 2021 a 2022. As participantes foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de 27 pessoas (controle, aconselhamento psicoeducacional e método IMB). Foram realizadas três sessões de aconselhamento online para o grupo psicoeducativo e quatro para o grupo IMB. O grupo de controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. O IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, EUA) foi utilizado para a análise dos dados por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das participantes foi de 32,59 ± 7,04, sendo que a maioria delas possuía nível superior e eram donas de casa. A pontuação média de satisfação sexual aumentou significativamente imediatamente após a intervenção e 1 mês depois nos 2 grupos de intervenção (p <0,0). As mudanças nos métodos contraceptivos após a intervenção foram significativas no grupo psicoeducativo (p = 0,0) CONCLUSãO: Os resultados indicam o impacto positivo do acompanhamento psicológico na satisfação sexual das mulheres e no método contraceptivo. O método IMB também impactou a satisfação sexual dos homens, mas não levou a nenhuma mudança no método contraceptivo.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) effects on the worries of women with poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the women's most common endocrine disorders that can cause anxiety, psychological distress, and reduced quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction counseling on the worries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental was implemented on 60 women with polycystic ovary syndrome, referring to health centers in Kerman, Iran, from April to September 2021. In the intervention group, MBSR was conducted in eight 90-minute sessions twice a week. A researcher-made questionnaire with 34 questions (with six domains including worries related to mental complications, interpersonal problems, non-pregnancy physical complications, pregnancy complications, sexual complications, and religious issues) on the worries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome was completed by the participants in two intervention and control groups as pre-and post-test and one month later. 22 SPSS statistical software was used for analysis. RESULTS: The mean score of worries in the intervention group (48.18 ± 5.18) compared to the control group (75.73 ± 8.08) was significantly reduced in total and all six domains immediately after the intervention (P < 0.0001). One month later also, the total mean score of worries and subtitles decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) in the intervention group (38.27 ± 3.58) in comparison with the control group (76.13 ± 7.52). CONCLUSION: Results showed that the method of reducing stress based on mindfulness had caused a significant reduction in worries in the intervention group. Therefore, this method can be used to improve the mental health of this group of patients in health centers.

Comparison Between the Effect of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral (IMB) Model and Psychoeducational Counseling on Sexual Satisfaction and Contraception Method Used Under the Coercion of the Spouse in Iranian Women: A Randomized, Clinical Trial / Comparação entre o efeito do modelo Informação-Motivação-Comportamental (IMB) e o aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e o método contraceptivo usado sob coerção do cônjuge em mulheres iranianas: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective Women play an essential role in maintaining the family's health, and family planning is part of women's and families' health. The couple's mutual understanding of family planning methods is essential in selecting contraception. Acceptance of and satisfaction with different contraception methods can impact sexual satisfaction. The present study aimed to compare the effect of the information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) model and psychoeducational counseling on sexual satisfaction and contraception methods of women referring to health centers in Kerman. Methods This trial was conducted on 81 women aged 18 to 45, in Kerman health centers, from 2021 to 2022. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 27 people (control, psychoeducational counseling, and IMB method). Three online counseling sessions were held for the psychoeducational group, and four were held for the IMB group. The control group received routine care. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis using nonparametric Friedman and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The mean age of participants was 32.59 ± 7.04, and the majority of them had university degrees and were homemakers. The mean sexual satisfaction score significantly increased immediately after the intervention and 1 month later in the 2 interventional groups (p< 0.0). Changes in contraception methods after intervention were significant in the psychoeducational group (p= 0.0) Conclusion The results indicate the positive impact of psychological counseling on women's sexual satisfaction and contraception method. The IMB method also impacted men's sexual satisfaction but did not lead to any changes in the contraceptive method.

Resumo Objetivo A mulher desempenha um papel essencial na manutenção da saúde da família, e o planejamento familiar faz parte da saúde da mulher e da família. A compreensão mútua do casal sobre os métodos de planejamento familiar é essencial na seleção da contracepção. A aceitação e a satisfação com os diferentes métodos contraceptivos podem afetar a satisfação sexual. O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o efeito do modelo informação-motivação-comportamental (IMB) e aconselhamento psicoeducacional sobre a satisfação sexual e métodos contraceptivos de mulheres encaminhadas para centros de saúde em Kerman. Métodos Este estudo foi realizado em 81 mulheres de 18 a 45 anos, nos centros de saúde de Kerman, de 2021 a 2022. As participantes foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de 27 pessoas (controle, aconselhamento psicoeducacional e método IMB). Foram realizadas três sessões de aconselhamento online para o grupo psicoeducativo e quatro para o grupo IMB. O grupo de controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. OIBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versão 22 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, EUA) foi utilizado para a análise dos dados por meio dos testes não paramétricos de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados A média de idade das participantes foi de 32,59 ± 7,04, sendo que a maioria delas possuía nível superior e eram donas de casa. A pontuação média de satisfação sexual aumentou significativamente imediatamente após a intervenção e 1 mês depois nos 2 grupos de intervenção (p <0,0). As mudanças nos métodos contraceptivos após a intervenção foram significativas no grupo psicoeducativo (p = 0,0) Conclusão Os resultados indicam o impacto positivo do acompanhamento psicológico na satisfação sexual das mulheres e no método contraceptivo. O método IMB também impactou a satisfação sexual dos homens, mas não levou a nenhuma mudança no método contraceptivo.

Developing and Validating a Questionnaire to Measure Attitude toward Child Adoption: A Psychometric Process.

Background: Despite the mutual benefit of adoption, due to the adverse attitude related to the barriers perceived by the couples, some people are not interested in adoption. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to measure attitudes toward child adoption. Materials and Methods: This secondary analysis is part of a larger study on 178 infertile couples referring to the Afzalipour Infertility Center in Kerman, Iran. Factor Analysis (FA) was performed. The sampling was conducted using the convenience sampling method. The questionnaire was implemented using a mixed-method approach in three phases. Firstly, a pool was created. The second phase involved content validity. Lastly, construct validity was conducted. Results: The final version of the questionnaire with 20 questions had a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.70%. Six factors with eigenvalues of higher than 1.00 were extracted, which accounted for 52% of the total variance. These factors were "spiritual-psychological status of the new parents," "psychological status of the adopted child," "undesirable behaviors of others in the future," "anxiety of the new parents," "physical-behavioral characteristics of the adopted child," and "socio-economic factors." The model extracted from the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The 6-factor structure adequately fitted the data (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.93; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.047; X2/df = 1.393; p = 0.002. Conclusions: The internal consistency and construct validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. This instrument can be used in clinical and research practices.

Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, and stress of women with the early loss of pregnancy in southeast Iran: a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: The loss of the fetus may cause mental health problems in women. The present study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on anxiety, depression, and stress in women with early pregnancy loss. METHODS:  This study was performed on 106 women with early pregnancy loss in Shiraz, Iran. The intervention group underwent eight counselling sessions. Pre-test and post-test were performed in both groups with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) 21 questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23. RESULTS:  There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores in the intervention group vs. the control group in terms of anxiety (7.9 ± 1.07 vs. 13.79 ± 5.36, respectively), stress (9.26 ± 1.25 vs.18.13 ± 7.66, respectively), and depression (7.83 ± 1.05 vs.16.26 ± 11.06, respectively) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: MBSR can be suggested to promote women's mental health.

Women who lose their pregnancies are more at risk than others for mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, and grief. Assessing stress, anxiety, and depression is critical to maintain women's overall health so that timely supportive interventions can be pursued if necessary. Eight MBSR intervention sessions were performed for 53 women with early pregnancy loss. The total intervention for all participants took 4 months. Results showed that the anxiety, depression, and stress of most participants decreased, which suggests that MBSR can be an effective non-pharmacological method to improve mental health.

Effectiveness of Counseling for Infertile Couples on Women's Emotional Disturbance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The psychosocial burden of infertility among couples can be one of the most important reasons for women's emotional disturbance. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of counseling on different emotional aspects of infertile women. METHODS: The present randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 couples with primary infertility who were referred for treatment for the first time and did not receive psychiatric or psychological treatment. Samples were allocated to an intervention group (30 couples) and a control group (30 couples) by simple randomization. The intervention group received infertility counseling for 6 45-minute sessions twice a week, and the control group received routine care. The Screening on Distress in Fertility Treatment (SCREENIVF) questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. Samples were collected from November to December 2016 for 3 months. For the data analysis, we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 19.0, and the paired t-test, the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon test, and the Chi-squared test. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 33.39 ± 5.67 years. All studied couples had primary infertility and no children. The mean duration of the couples' infertility was 3 years. There was a significant difference regarding depression (1.55 ± 1.92; p < 0.0001), social support (15.73 ± 3.41; p < 0.0001), and cognitions regarding domains of fertility problems (26.48 ± 3.05; p = 0.001) between the 2 groups after the intervention, but there was no significant difference regarding anxiety (25.03 ± 3.09; p = 0.35). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that infertility counseling did not affect the total score of infertile women' emotional status, but improved the domains of it except, anxiety.

OBJETIVO: A carga psicossocial da infertilidade entre casais pode ser uma das razões mais importantes para os distúrbios emocionais em mulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do aconselhamento em diferentes aspectos emocionais de mulheres inférteis. MéTODOS: Este ensaio clínico randomizado foi realizado com 60 casais com infertilidade primária indicados para tratamento pela primeira vez mas que não receberam tratamento psiquiátrico ou psicológico. As amostras foram alocadas em um grupo de intervenção (30 casais) e um grupo de controle (30 casais) por randomização simples. O grupo de intervenção recebeu aconselhamento sobre infertilidade por 6 sessões de 45 minutos 2 vezes por semana e o grupo controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. O questionário de Triagem por Aflição no Tratamento da Infertilidade (Screening on Distress in Fertility Treatment SCREENIVF em inglês) foi preenchido antes e após a intervenção. As amostras foram coletadas de novembro a dezembro de 2016 durante 3 meses. Para a análise dos dados usamos o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows IBM Corp. Armonk NY Estados Unidos) versão 19.0 e os testes-t pareado e independente e os testes de Mann-Whitney de Wilcoxon e do qui quadrado. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 33 39 ± 5 67 anos. Todos os casais estudados tinham infertilidade primária e não tinham filhos. A duração média da infertilidade dos casais era de 3 anos. Houve diferença significativa quanto à depressão (1 55 ± 1 92; p < 0 0001) ao apoio social (15 73 ± 3 41; p <0 0001) e às cognições em relação aos campos dos problemas de fertilidade (26 48 ± 3 05; p = 0 001) entre dois grupos após a intervenção mas não houve diferença significativa com relação à ansiedade (25 03 ± 3 09; p = 0 35). CONCLUSãO: Os achados mostraram que o aconselhamento sobre infertilidade não afetou a pontuação total do estado emocional de mulheres inférteis mas melhorou seus campos exceto a ansiedade.

Effectiveness of Counseling for Infertile Couples on Women's Emotional Disturbance: A Randomized Clinical Trial / Eficácia do aconselhamento a casais inférteis nos distúrbios emocionais das mulheres: um ensaio clínico randomizado

Abstract Objective The psychosocial burden of infertility among couples can be one of the most important reasons for women's emotional disturbance. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of counseling on different emotional aspects of infertile women. Methods The present randomized clinical trial was performed on 60 couples with primary infertility who were referred for treatment for the first time and did not receive psychiatric or psychological treatment. Samples were allocated to an intervention group (30 couples) and a control group (30 couples) by simple randomization. The intervention group received infertility counseling for 6 45-minute sessions twice a week, and the control group received routine care. The Screening on Distress in Fertility Treatment (SCREENIVF) questionnaire was completed before and after the intervention. Samples were collected from November to December 2016 for 3 months. For the data analysis, we used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 19.0, and the paired t-test, the independent t-test, the Mann-Whitney test, the Wilcoxon test, and the Chi-squared test. Results The mean age of the participants was 33.39±5.67 years. All studied couples had primary infertility and no children. The mean duration of the couples' infertilitywas 3 years. There was a significant difference regarding depression (1.55±1.92; p<0.0001), social support (15.73±3.41; p<0.0001), and cognitions regarding domains of fertility problems (26.48±3.05; p=0.001) between the 2 groups after the intervention, but there was no significant difference regarding anxiety (25.03±3.09; p=0.35). Conclusion The findings showed that infertility counseling did not affect the total score of infertile women' emotional status, but improved the domains of it except, anxiety.

Resumo Objetivo A carga psicossocial da infertilidade entre casais pode ser uma das razões mais importantes para os distúrbios emocionais emmulheres. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do aconselhamento em diferentes aspectos emocionais de mulheres inférteis. Métodos Este ensaio clínico randomizado foi realizado com 60 casais com infertilidade primária indicados para tratamento pela primeira vez mas que não receberam tratamento psiquiátrico ou psicológico. As amostras foram alocadas em um grupo de intervenção (30 casais) e um grupo de controle (30 casais) por randomização simples. O grupo de intervenção recebeu aconselhamento sobre infertilidade por 6 sessões de 45 minutos 2 vezes por semana e o grupo controle recebeu cuidados de rotina. O questionário de Triagem por Aflição no Tratamento da Infertilidade (Screening on Distress in Fertility Treatment SCREENIVF em inglês) foi preenchido antes e após a intervenção. As amostras foramcoletadas de novembro a dezembro de 2016 durante 3 meses. Para a análise dos dados usamos o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows IBMCorp. Armonk NY Estados Unidos) versão 19.0 e os testes-t pareado e independente e os testes de Mann-Whitney de Wilcoxon e do qui quadrado. Resultados A média de idade dos participantes foi de 33 39 ± 5 67 anos. Todos os casais estudados tinham infertilidade primária e não tinham filhos. A duraçãomédia da infertilidade dos casais era de 3 anos. Houve diferença significativa quanto à depressão (1 55±1 92; p<0 0001) ao apoio social (15 73±3 41; p <0 0001) e às cognições em relação aos campos dos problemas de fertilidade (26 48±3 05; p=0 001) entre dois grupos após a intervenção mas não houve diferença significativa com relação à ansiedade (25 03±3 09; p=0 35). Conclusão Os achados mostraram que o aconselhamento sobre infertilidade não afetou a pontuação total do estado emocional de mulheres inférteis mas melhorou seus campos exceto a ansiedade.

The Effect of Gestalt-Based Counseling on the Level of Self-Esteem and Intimate Partner Violence against Pregnant Women: A Randomized Control Trial.

BACKGROUND: Violence against women is a health problem that poses an additional threat to the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Gestalt counseling on self-esteem and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This clinical trial was carried out on 60 pregnant women who were referred to health-care centers in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. Simple random sampling was performed through lottery. The intervention group (n = 30) received counseling in eight weekly sessions of 45 min using the Gestalt approach. The control group was placed on a waiting list. There was no blinding during the study. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Domestic Violence Questionnaire designed by Mohseni Tabrizi, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale before and after counseling. RESULTS: Differences between the groups in terms of mean score of violence (intervention: t34= 1.81, p = 0.08; control: t34= 1.41, p = 0.16) and self-esteem (intervention: t34= 1.87, p = 0.07; control: t34= 1, p = 0.32) in the pretest and posttest were not significant. Analysis of covariance results showed a significant difference between the intervention 21.79 (10.62) and control groups 21.79 (10.62) in terms of mean (SD) violence (F 1,67= 1.97, p = 0.049) after the counseling sessions. It also showed a significant difference between the intervention 74.47 (14.61) and control groups 66.28 (15.14) in terms of self-esteem after the intervention (F 1,67= 5.02, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the impact of the Gestalt approach on IPV and self-esteem, it is recommended that health-care providers be educated about using the Gestalt approach and apply it in communication with women.

Effectiveness of Counseling Based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy with Enhanced Cognitive Therapy on the Sexual Quality of Life of Married Adolescent Women.

OBJECTIVE: Early marriage has many deleterious effects on the health of girls, such as sexual dissatisfaction, an inevitable result of the lack of sufficient knowledge about sexual issues at the time of the marriage. The goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based on functional analytic psychotherapy with enhanced cognitive therapy (FECT) on the sexual quality of life of married adolescent women. METHODS: This clinical trial was conducted between July and October 2019 on 150 married adolescent women who met the inclusion criteria. In the intervention group, FECT was conducted in sixteen 90-minute sessions twice a week. The Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire was used. When the study ended, the control group was given the choice of receiving the same intervention as the intervention group. RESULTS: The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean score of sexual quality of life before (52.33 ± 23.09) and after (88.08 ± 10.51) counseling in the intervention group (p < 0.0001). According to the analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference between the score on sexual quality after counseling between the intervention (88.08 ± 10.51) and control (60.32 ± 23.73) groups (p < 0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the mean score on the four dimensions of sexual quality of life in the intervention group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The results showed that counseling based on FECT improved the sexual quality of life in all dimensions in married adolescent women.

OBJETIVO: O casamento precoce tem muitos efeitos deletérios sobre a saúde das meninas, como a insatisfação sexual, resultado inevitável da falta de conhecimento suficiente sobre questões sexuais no momento do casamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a eficácia do aconselhamento baseado em psicoterapia analítica funcional com terapia cognitiva aprimorada (FECT) na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres adolescentes casadas. MéTODOS: Este ensaio clínico foi realizado entre julho e outubro de 2019 em 150 mulheres adolescentes casadas que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. No grupo de intervenção, FECT foi realizado em dezesseis sessões de 90 minutos duas vezes por semana. Foi utilizado o questionário Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F). Quando o estudo terminou o grupo de controle teve a opção de receber a mesma intervenção do grupo de intervenção. RESULTADOS: O teste t pareado mostrou diferença significativa entre o escore médio da qualidade de vida sexual antes (52,33 ± 23,09) e após (88,08 ± 10,51) o aconselhamento no grupo intervenção (p < 0,0001). De acordo com a análise de covariância houve diferença significativa entre o escore de qualidade sexual após aconselhamento entre os grupos intervenção (88,08 ± 10,51) e controle (60,32 ± 23,73) (p < 0,0001). Também houve diferença significativa entre a pontuação média nas quatro dimensões da qualidade de vida sexual no grupo de intervenção (p <0,0001). CONCLUSãO: Os resultados mostraram que o aconselhamento baseado no FECT melhorou a qualidade de vida sexual em todas as dimensões em mulheres adolescentes casadas.

Effectiveness of Counseling Based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy with Enhanced Cognitive Therapy on the Sexual Quality of Life of Married Adolescent Women / Eficácia do aconselhamento baseado em psicoterapia analítica funcional - Com abordagem de terapia cognitiva aprimorada (FECT) na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres adolescentes casadas

Abstract Objective Early marriage has many deleterious effects on the health of girls, such as sexual dissatisfaction, an inevitable result of the lack of sufficient knowledge about sexual issues at the time of the marriage. The goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of counseling based on functional analytic psychotherapy with enhanced cognitive therapy (FECT) on the sexual quality of life of married adolescent women. Methods This clinical trial was conducted between July and October 2019 on 150 married adolescent women who met the inclusion criteria. In the intervention group, FECTwas conducted in sixteen 90-minute sessions twice a week. The Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire was used. When the study ended, the control group was given the choice of receiving the same intervention as the intervention group. Results The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the mean score of sexual quality of life before (52.33±23.09) and after (88.08±10.51) counseling in the intervention group (p<0.0001). According to the analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference between the score on sexual quality after counseling between the intervention (88.08±10.51) and control (60.32±23.73) groups (p<0.0001). There was also a significant difference between the mean score on the four dimensions of sexual quality of life in the intervention group (p<0.0001). Conclusion The results showed that counseling based on FECT improved the sexual quality of life in all dimensions in married adolescent women.

Resumo Objetivo O casamento precoce tem muitos efeitos deletérios sobre a saúde das meninas, como a insatisfação sexual, resultado inevitável da falta de conhecimento suficiente sobre questões sexuais no momento do casamento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a eficácia do aconselhamento baseado em psicoterapia analítica funcional com terapia cognitiva aprimorada (FECT) na qualidade de vida sexual de mulheres adolescentes casadas. Métodos Este ensaio clínico foi realizado entre julho e outubro de 2019 em 150 mulheres adolescentes casadas que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. No grupo de intervenção, FECT foi realizado em dezesseis sessões de 90 minutos duas vezes por semana. Foi utilizado o questionário Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F). Quando o estudo terminou o grupo de controle teve a opção de receber a mesma intervenção do grupo de intervenção. Resultados O teste t pareado mostrou diferença significativa entre o escore médio da qualidade de vida sexual antes (52,33±23,09) e após (88,08±10,51) o aconselhamento no grupo intervenção (p<0,0001). De acordo com a análise de covariância houve diferença significativa entre o escore de qualidade sexual após aconselhamento entre os grupos intervenção (88,08±10,51) e controle (60,32±23,73) (p<0,0001). Também houve diferença significativa entre a pontuação média nas quatro dimensões da qualidade de vida sexual no grupo de intervenção (p<0,0001). Conclusão Os resultados mostraram que o aconselhamento baseado no FECT melhorou a qualidade de vida sexual em todas as dimensões em mulheres adolescentes casadas.

The relationship between demographic factors and levels of self-care against coronavirus in pregnant women referred to maternity wards.

Background: The adverse effects of coronavirus infection on pregnant women and their infants are not apparent. The best strategies to deal with this disease is avoiding the infection and preventing its transmission. Purpose: the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between demographic factors and levels of self-care against coronavirus in pregnant women referred to maternity wards of Kerman, southeast Iran. Method: The present descriptive study was conducted on 200 pregnant women who referred to maternity wards in Kerman in 2020 and met the inclusion criteria. The required information was collected using demographic and obstetric questionnaires and a self-care checklist. Findings: The mean age of the participants was 28.89 ± 7.07. Iranian and Afghan citizens comprised 82 and 18% of the participants, respectively. The highest level of self-care measures against coronavirus in pregnant women was attributed to the use of face masks (74%), and the lowest was warning the personnel to wear masks (28%). There was a statistically significant relationship between the nationality of the participants and warning the personnel to wear facemasks (r = 0.183; p = 0.02), having a sick spouse (r=0.149;P = 0.039), and having a sick child (r = 0.191; p = 0.043), and between the husbands' job and the patients' demand for a private room (r = 0.173; p = 0.013). There was an inverse relationship between mothers' age and warning the personnel about paying attention to their hygiene (r = -0.145; p = 0.04). Conclusions: The results indicated that most pregnant women in the present study were active in self-care against coronavirus. Using face masks was more widely followed than other self-care measures; moreover, there was a relationship between personal characteristics and self-care levels.