Direct Formation of 2-Substituted 2H-Indazoles by a Pd-Catalyzed Reaction between 2-Halobenzyl Halides and Arylhydrazines.

A direct and operationally simple method for the regioselective synthesis of 2-aryl-substituted 2H-indazoles is reported. The Pd-catalyzed reaction between easily available 2-bromobenzyl bromides and arylhydrazines employing Cs2CO3 as the base and t-Bu3PHBF4 as the ligand in DMSO at 120 °C in a sealed tube delivers the 2-substituted-2H-indazoles in a single synthetic step with yields up to 79%. The new method is based on a regioselective intermolecular N-benzylation followed by intramolecular N-arylation and oxidation.

Base-Promoted Domino Reaction of 5-Substituted 2-Nitrosophenols with Bromomethyl Aryl Ketones: A Transition-Metal-Free Approach to 2-Aroylbenzoxazoles.

The reaction of 5-substituted 2-nitrosophenols with bromomethyl aryl ketones and related compounds employing K2CO3 as a base in refluxing THF and DMF at 80 °C, respectively, delivers 2-aroylbenzoxazoles in a single step with yields up to 85%. The new method involves an intermolecular nucleophilic substitution followed by intramolecular 1,2-addition and elimination. It allows an efficient and practical access to 2-aroylbenzoxazoles under transition-metal-free conditions.

Reaction of 1-nitroso-2-naphthols with α-functionalized ketones and related compounds: the unexpected formation of decarbonylated 2-substituted naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxazoles.

Reactions between 1-nitroso-2-naphthols and α-functionalized ketones such as α-bromo-, α-chloro-, α-mesyloxy-, α-tosyloxy-, and α-hydroxy ketones under basic conditions delivered 2-substituted naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxazoles in a single synthetic operation. The product formation was accompanied by the unexpected loss of the C═O group from the α-functionalized ketones. With aryl bromides, allyl bromides, α-bromo diketones, α-bromo cyanides, α-bromoesters, and α-bromo ketoesters as substrates the formation of naphtho[1,2-d][1,3]oxazoles was also observed. The transformations were performed in 1,2-dichloroethane or acetonitrile under reflux and gave the corresponding naphthoxazoles with yields ranging between 52% and 85%.

Synthesis of 2-aryl-1,2-dihydrophthalazines via reaction of 2-(bromomethyl)benzaldehydes with arylhydrazines.

The reaction of 2-(bromomethyl)benzaldehydes with arylhydrazines employing K(2)CO(3) as a base and FeCl(3) as a catalyst in CH(3)CN at 100 °C delivers 2-aryl-1,2-dihydrophthalazines with yields ranging from 60 to 91%. The transformation is considered to proceed as an intermolecular condensation/intramolecular nucleophilic substitution.

Cu-catalyzed reaction of 1,2-dihalobenzenes with 1,3-cyclohexanediones for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1(2H)-ones.

The Cu(I)-catalyzed reaction of 1-bromo-2-iodobenzenes and other 1,2-dihalobenzenes with 1,3-cyclohexanediones in DMF at 130 °C using Cs(2)CO(3) as a base and pivalic acid as an additive selectively delivers 3,4-dihydrodibenzo[b,d]furan-1(2H)-ones with yields ranging from 47 to 83%. The highly regioselective domino process is based on an intermolecular Ullmann-type C-arylation followed by an intramolecular Ullmann-type O-arylation. Substituted products are accessible by employing substituted 1-bromo-2-iodobenzenes and substituted 1,3-cyclohexanediones as substrates. Reaction with an acyclic 1,3-diketone yields the corresponding benzo[b]furan.