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INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the esophagus that can adversely affect the quality of life (QOL) in children. We aim to investigate the burden of EoE on the QOL in children aged 2-18 years and identify factors that influence their QOL. METHOD: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in six Saudi pediatric hospitals. Pediatric Quality of Life 3.0 EoE Module was used to measure the QOL of children with EoE. RESULTS: Thirty-six families (36 parents and 33 children) were enrolled. The most reported symptoms were vomiting (50%), dysphagia (44.4%), and food impaction (36.1%). The mean total score of the parent-proxy report of the Pediatric Quality of Life EoE was 82.9 ± 10.3 versus the children's self-reported score of 77.28 ± 13.6 (p = .043). DISCUSSION: Recurrent emergency department visits were associated with a lower QOL, and a positive family history of EoE was associated with a better QOL.
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Objective: Multiple environmental factors can be linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).With an increase in the cases of IBD, the objective of this research is to investigate environmental risk factors for IBD in the Saudi population. Methods: A retrospective multicenter case−control study was performed among IBD children from 2009 to 2021.The variables analyzed to be the possible risk factors included their socioeconomic status, living and demographic characteristics, and lifestyle related to IBD. The questionnaire included a list of IBD risk factors that was given to the control and the patient group. For every variable, the 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds rations were also estimated. Results: There were 335 individuals considered in this study: 168 controls (50.1%) and 167 IBD patients (49.9%). Of these, 93 IBD patients (56%) had CD and 74 patients (44%) had UC. Most of participants were female (72.1%) and were aged above 10 years (51.5%). Vaginal delivery (OR 0.551, 95% CI: 1.59−4.14), age above 10 years (OR 1.040, 95% CI: 1.012−1.069), deficient fruit intake (OR 2.572, 95% CI: 1.59−4.14), no exposure to antibiotics (OR 2.396, 95% CI: 1.51−3.81), appendectomy (OR 2.098, 95% CI: 1.87−2.35), less physical activity (OR 2.033, 95% CI: 1.05−3.93) and gastroenteritis admissions > 2 times/year (OR 0.107, 95% CI: 0.037−0.311) were the risk factors for IBD. These factors depicted a more significant link with CD than UC (p < 0.05). Interestingly, sleep disturbance was estimated to be a CD risk factor (adjusted OR: 3.291, 95% CI = 0.97−11.22). Pets in house was risk factor for UC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights association between vaginal delivery, age above 10 years, deficient fruit intake, low physical activity, exposure to antibiotics, appendectomy, and frequent gastroenteritis admissions as risk factors for IBD. Knowledge of these risk factors can help pediatricians to prospectively identify patients at risk of environmental exposure.