Genetic and subjective sensitivity, relationship dynamics, and psychological distress in couples.

Positive and negative aspects of intimate relationships influence mental health and well-being in couples. According to the environmental sensitivity framework, individuals differ in how strongly they are affected by their environment, with some individuals being more or less sensitive to both negative and positive experiences. The present study examined the longitudinal associations between positive and negative relationship dynamics, including marital satisfaction, positive bonding, and negative communication, and psychological distress as well as the extent to which individual differences in genetic and subjective measures of environmental sensitivity moderated the association between relationship dynamics and psychological distress in a sample of couples in the U.S. Army (n = 238 individuals representing 152 unique couples). Sensitivity was measured by self-report and a polygenic score derived from previous genome-wide association study results. Separate three-level multilevel models were conducted for each relationship dynamic and sensitivity variable. Only for subjective (i.e., self-reported) sensitivity did significant cross-level interactions emerge in predicting psychological distress, whereas no such interactions were found for genetic (i.e., polygenic score) sensitivity. Specifically, lower marital satisfaction and positive bonding were associated with higher psychological distress among subjectively highly sensitive individuals, and higher negative communication was associated with higher psychological distress among subjectively highly sensitive individuals. Findings suggest that both low positive and high negative relationship dynamics may have a greater effect on psychological distress among highly sensitive individuals, which may help to inform tailored intervention to meet the unique needs of couples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessing Recommendations for Determining Fetal Risk in Alloimmunized Pregnancies in the United States: Is It Time to Update a Decades-Old Practice?

The current recommended testing algorithm for assessing the alloimmunized pregnancy utilized by many obstetricians in the United States (US) fails to consider the most recent evidence, placing fetuses, and mothers at unnecessary risk of poor outcome or death. This narrative review of the current landscape of fetal red blood cell (RBC) antigen testing evaluates the history of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and how its discovery has continued to influence practices in the US today. We compare current US-based HDFN practice guidelines with those in Europe. We also provide transfusion medicine and hematology perspectives and recommendations addressing the limitations of US practice, particularly regarding paternal RBC antigen testing, and discuss the most valuable alternatives based on decades of data and evidence-based recommendations from Europe.

An exploration of potential pressures to engage in parenting accommodation of PTSD symptoms for military couples.

In the context of service member posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate partners may experience pressure to take over parenting roles and run interference between the service member and the children; that is, to engage in partner accommodation focal to parenting. The current study quantitatively assessed potential pressures to engage in parenting accommodation (PPEPA) in a sample of 207 female partners married to male service members with at least one child in the home and the convergence of PPEPA with service member PTSD symptoms, general partner accommodation, couple functioning, parenting, and child functioning. Partners' reports of PPEPA were associated with higher levels of service member PTSD symptoms and partners' general accommodation of PTSD symptoms. When controlling for service member PTSD symptoms and general partner accommodation, partner reports of PPEPA still accounted for unique variance in lower parenting alliance (as reported by both service member and partner), lower levels of service members' reports of closeness with children in the home, higher levels of harsh parenting by both the service member and partner, and greater child behavioral difficulties. Findings support PPEPA as related to partners' accommodative responses to PTSD but demonstrating unique associations with parenting alliance, parenting, and child outcomes. Parenting interventions in the context of PTSD may benefit from conjoint or family approaches that attend to the intersection of PTSD and broader family functioning, including pressures to engage in accommodation focal to the parenting domain.

How do we design a laboratory space for a hospital transfusion medicine service?

BACKGROUND: Transfusion service laboratories (TSL) often need to renovate or design new laboratory space, and their leaders must be involved in the complex and multifaceted design process. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This manuscript outlines the design process and considerations for a dedicated TSL space. RESULTS: Proactive engagement with key collaborators throughout the design process is essential. Major design considerations include physical features such as location, size, service/equipment needs, and zones within the laboratory; intangible issues such as efficiency, well-being, and disaster planning; and adaptations for suboptimal space and changes over time. CONCLUSION: Investing in the design of the laboratory space facilitates high-quality TSL operations, productivity, customer satisfaction, regulatory compliance, staff well-being, and most importantly, patient safety.

How do we ensure a safe ABO recheck process?

BACKGROUND: Collecting a patient's blood in a correctly labeled pretransfusion specimen tube is essential for accurate ABO typing and safe transfusion. Noncompliance with specimen collection procedures can lead to wrong blood in tube (WBIT) incidents with potentially fatal consequences. Recent WBIT events inspired the investigation of how various institutions currently reduce the risk of these errors and ensure accurate ABO typing of patient samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article describes the techniques employed at various institutions across the United States to mitigate the risk of misidentified pretransfusion patient specimens. Details and considerations for each of these measures are provided. RESULTS: Several institutions require the order for an ABO confirmation specimen, if indicated, to be generated from the transfusion medicine (TM) laboratory. Others issue a dedicated collection tube that is available exclusively from the TM service. Many institutions employ barcoding for electronic positive patient identification. Some use a combination of these strategies, depending on the locations or service lines from which the specimens are collected. CONCLUSION: The description of various WBIT mitigation strategies will inform TM services on practices that may be effective at their respective institutions. Irrespective of the method(s) utilized, institutions should continue to monitor and mitigate specimen misidentification errors to promote sustained safe transfusion practices.

Women and non-white people among Lasker Award recipients from 1946 to 2022: cross sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether gender and racial inequities exist among Lasker Award recipients. DESIGN: Observational, cross sectional analysis. SETTING: Population based study. PARTICIPANTS: Recipients of four Lasker Awards from 1946 to 2022. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gender and race (non-white categorized as racialized v white categorized as non-racialized) of all Lasker Award recipients. Personal characteristics of award recipients were categorized by four independent authors using previously established methods and consistency of categorization among authors was analyzed. Women and non-white people were thought to be underrepresented among Lasker Award recipients compared with professional degree recipients overall. RESULTS: Among 397 Lasker Award recipients since 1946, 92.2% (366/397) were men. Most award recipients were identified as white (95.7%, 380/397). One non-white woman was identified as having received a Lasker Award over the course of seven decades. The proportion of women among award recipients in the most recent decade (2013-22) is similar to the first decade of awards (1946-55; 15.6%, 7/45 v 12.9%, 8/62). The median timeframe from terminal degree receipt to Lasker Award conferral for all award recipients is 30 years. The proportion of women who received a Lasker Award between 2019 and 2022 (7.1%) was less than would be expected based on the proportion of life science doctorates awarded to womenin 1989 (30 years previously; 38.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The number of women and non-white people in academic medicine and biomedical research continues to increase, yet the proportion of women among Lasker Award recipients has not changed in more than 70 years. Additionally, time from terminal degree receipt to Lasker Award conferral does not appear to fully account for the observed inequities. These findings establish the need for further investigation of possible factors that could hinder women and non-white people from entering the pool of eligible award recipients, potentially limiting the diversification of the science and academic biomedical workforce.

Epidemiological and clinical features, therapeutic strategies and outcomes in patients with hyperhaemolysis: A systematic review.

Hyperhaemolysis syndrome (HHS), a severe form of delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction most commonly described in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), involves destruction of both donor and recipient red blood cells (RBCs). As the epidemiology and underlying pathophysiology have yet to be definitively elucidated, recognition can be challenging. We systematically reviewed PubMed and EMBASE to identify all cases of post-transfusion hyperhaemolysis and characterized the epidemiological, clinical and immunohaematological characteristics and treatments of HHS. We identified 51 patients (33 females and 18 males), including 31 patients with SCD (HbSS, HbSC and HbS/ß-thalassaemia). The median haemoglobin nadir (3.9 g/dL) occurred a median of 10 days post-transfusion. 32.6% and 45.7% of patients had a negative indirect anti-globulin test and a negative direct anti-globulin test, respectively. The most common therapies included corticosteroids and intravenous immune globulin. 66.0% of patients received ≥1 supportive transfusion, which was associated with a longer median hospital stay/time to recovery (23 days vs. 15 days; p = 0.015) compared to no supportive transfusion. These findings illustrate that HHS that often results in marked anaemia 10 days post-transfusion is not restricted to patients with haemoglobinopathies, and additional transfused RBCs may be associated with a longer time-to-recovery.

An Assessment of Gender Equity and Parity Among "Nontraditional" Pathology Awards.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the gender composition of nontraditional pathology recognition award recipients. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) Top Five 40 Under Forty and The Pathologist Power List award recipients' gender. Gender was independently analyzed by 2 authors using pronouns. Two analyses were performed: difference in gender parity and difference in gender equity for award recipients. RESULTS: From 2014 through 2022, 618 total awards were conferred. Significantly more men than women received an award overall (57.1% vs 42.9%; P < .001). Compared with population benchmarks, awards conferred to US-based nontrainee pathology physicians (men 56.2%, women 43.8%; P = .091) and US-based pathology physician trainees (men 60.5%, women 39.5%; P = .15) are equitable. Conversely, gender inequities exist among awards conferred to US-based nonphysician laboratory professionals (men 51.7%, women 48.3%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: The Pathologist Power List and Top Five ASCP 40 Under Forty awards have not completely achieved gender parity, and gender inequities remain among subgroups.

Transfusing Convalescent Plasma as Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Double-Blinded, Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) convalescent plasma (CCP) for preventing infection in exposed, uninfected individuals is unknown. CCP might prevent infection when administered before symptoms or laboratory evidence of infection. METHODS: This double-blinded, phase 2 randomized, controlled trial (RCT) compared the efficacy and safety of prophylactic high titer (≥1:320 by Euroimmun ELISA) CCP with standard plasma. Asymptomatic participants aged ≥18 years with close contact exposure to a person with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the previous 120 hours and negative SARS-CoV-2 test within 24 hours before transfusion were eligible. The primary outcome was new SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS: In total, 180 participants were enrolled; 87 were assigned to CCP and 93 to control plasma, and 170 transfused at 19 sites across the United States from June 2020 to March 2021. Two were excluded for screening SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity. Of the remaining 168 participants, 12/81 (14.8%) CCP and 13/87 (14.9%) control recipients developed SARS-CoV-2 infection; 6 (7.4%) CCP and 7 (8%) control recipients developed COVID-19 (infection with symptoms). There were no COVID-19-related hospitalizations in CCP and 2 in control recipients. Efficacy by restricted mean infection free time (RMIFT) by 28 days for all SARS-CoV-2 infections (25.3 vs 25.2 days; P = .49) and COVID-19 (26.3 vs 25.9 days; P = .35) was similar for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of high-titer CCP as post-exposure prophylaxis, although appearing safe, did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04323800.

Military-related relocation stress and psychological distress in military partners.

Spouses/partners play a crucial role in providing support to military service members (SMs), maintaining a sense of stability for the family, and supporting the overall mission of the armed forces. However, several aspects of the military lifestyle may impact their own psychological health. Much research has focused on the role of SMs' deployments and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in partners' distress, but no study has yet quantitatively investigated these factors in tandem with the common military life stressor of frequent relocations. The present study investigated the degree to which problems from service-related moves, couple deployment separation, and SMs' PTSD symptoms uniquely predict partner psychological distress. Data were collected from female partners of Army soldiers who completed online surveys across four timepoints (over 1.5 years) following a deployment. Surveys assessed psychological distress, perceptions of SMs' PTSD symptoms, problems from service-related moves, and deployment separation. Multilevel modeling was used, with longitudinal data treated as repeated measures (i.e., not modeling change over time). Results indicated that problems from service-related moves were associated with greater psychological stress, even when accounting for SMs' PTSD symptoms and deployment separation. Deployment separation itself was not a significant predictor of psychological distress. Findings indicate that problems associated with frequent moves may be a significant contributor to increased psychological distress for partners above and beyond challenges associated with SMs' PTSD symptoms. Recommendations for future research and limitations are also provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Longitudinal Associations Among Service Members' PTSD Symptoms, Partner Accommodation, and Partner Distress.

Romantic partners' accommodation of trauma survivors' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (e.g., participating in avoidance and safety behaviors, not expressing one's thoughts and feelings) is a putative mechanism linking PTSD symptoms and partner distress, but this hypothesis has never been empirically tested. The current study investigated this proposed within-couple mediation process from service members' PTSD symptoms to partners' depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction through partner accommodation, as well as between-couple associations among these constructs and the possible moderating role of partners' conflict avoidance and helplessness (CAH) motivations for accommodating service members' PTSD symptoms. We examined these questions in 272 male service member/female civilian couples assessed four times over an 18-month period using the multiple-group version of the random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Within couples, service members' higher levels of PTSD symptoms at one time point significantly predicted partners being more accommodating at the next time point (ßs = .14-.19), which, in turn, significantly predicted higher levels of partner depressive symptoms at the subsequent time point (ßs = .09-.19) but did not predict partners' subsequent relationship satisfaction. At the between-couple level, partner accommodation was significantly positively associated with partners' depressive symptoms only among those endorsing high CAH motivations for accommodation (r = .50). In addition, accommodation was significantly negatively associated with partners' relationship satisfaction regardless of CAH motivation level (rs = -.43 to -.49). These findings are discussed in light of the potential for couple-based treatments for PTSD to enhance partner individual and relational well-being.

Blood conservation strategies at United States hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a multi-institutional analysis - International Society of Blood Transfusion survey.

BACKGROUND: Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the transfusion medicine community has experienced unprecedented blood supply shortages since March 2020. As such, numerous changes to everyday practice have occurred with a specific emphasis on blood conservation. We sought to determine the strategies used to mitigate blood shortages and promote blood conservation during the pandemic. METHODS: An anonymous, 37-question survey was developed using Research Electronic Data Capture and distributed via e-mail to transfusion medicine specialists across the US obtained via publicly available databases. RESULTS: Amongst surveyed [41.1% response rate (51/124 institutions)], 98.0% experienced a product shortage, with the greatest number reporting red blood cell (RBC) shortages (92.0%). This led to 35.3% of institutions altering the composition and/or number of blood product suppliers, including a 100% increase in the number of institutions acquiring blood from organizations that connect hospital transfusion services with blood collection centers (e.g., Blood Buy) compared to before March 2020. Prospective triaging of blood products was the most common blood conservation strategy (68.1%), though 35.4% altered their RBC exchange or transfusion program for patients receiving chronic RBC transfusion/exchange. As a result of these changes, 78.6% of institutions reported that these changes resulted in a reduction in blood product usage, and 38.1% reported a decrease in product wastage. CONCLUSIONS: Most hospitals experienced the effects of the supply shortage, and many of them implemented blood conserving measures. Conservation strategies were associated with decreased blood utilization and waste, and future studies could evaluate whether these changes persist.

Clinical Practice Guidelines From the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB): COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma.

DESCRIPTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent plasma (CCP) has emerged as a potential treatment of COVID-19. However, meta-analysis data and recommendations are limited. The Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) developed clinical practice guidelines for the appropriate use of CCP. METHODS: These guidelines are based on 2 living systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating CCP from 1 January 2019 to 26 January 2022. There were 33 RCTs assessing 21 916 participants. The results were summarized using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) method. An expert panel reviewed the data using the GRADE framework to formulate recommendations. RECOMMENDATION 1 (OUTPATIENT): The AABB suggests CCP transfusion in addition to the usual standard of care for outpatients with COVID-19 who are at high risk for disease progression (weak recommendation, moderate-certainty evidence). RECOMMENDATION 2 (INPATIENT): The AABB recommends against CCP transfusion for unselected hospitalized persons with moderate or severe disease (strong recommendation, high-certainty evidence). This recommendation does not apply to immunosuppressed patients or those who lack antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. RECOMMENDATION 3 (INPATIENT): The AABB suggests CCP transfusion in addition to the usual standard of care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who do not have SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected at admission (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). RECOMMENDATION 4 (INPATIENT): The AABB suggests CCP transfusion in addition to the usual standard of care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and preexisting immunosuppression (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). RECOMMENDATION 5 (PROPHYLAXIS): The AABB suggests against prophylactic CCP transfusion for uninfected persons with close contact exposure to a person with COVID-19 (weak recommendation, low-certainty evidence). GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE STATEMENT: CCP is most effective when transfused with high neutralizing titers to infected patients early after symptom onset.

Vitamin K antagonist reversal strategies: Systematic review and network meta-analysis from the AABB.

BACKGROUND: Anticoagulation requires urgent reversal in cases of life-threatening bleeding or invasive procedures. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Network meta-analysis for comparing the safety and efficacy of warfarin reversal strategies including plasma and prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs). RESULTS: Seven studies including 594 subjects using reversal agents plasma, 3-factor-PCC (Uman Complex and Konyne), and 4-factor-PCC (Beriplex/KCentra, Octaplex, and Cofact) met inclusion criteria. Compared with plasma, patients receiving Cofact probably have a higher rate of international normalized ratio (INR) correction (risk difference [RD] 499 more per 1000 patients, 95% confidence interval [CI], 176-761, low certainty[LC]); higher reversal of bleeding (323 more per 1000 patients, 11-344 more, LC); and fewer transfusion requirements (0.96 fewer units, 1.65-0.27 fewer, LC). Patients receiving Beriplex/KCentra probably have a higher rate of INR correction (476 more per 1000 patients, 332-609 more, LC); higher reversal of bleeding (127 more per 1000 patients, 43 fewer to 236 more); and similar transfusion requirements (0.01 fewer units, 0.31 fewer to 0.28 more, high/moderate certainty). Patients receiving Octaplex probably have a higher rate of INR correction (RD 579 more per 1000 patients, 189-825 more, LC). CONCLUSIONS: PCCs probably provide an advantage in INR reversal compared to plasma. There was no added risk of adverse events with PCCs.

Current advances in transfusion medicine 2021: A critical review of selected topics by the AABB Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee.

BACKGROUND: Each year the AABB Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee (CTMC) procures a synopsis highlighting new, important, and clinically relevant studies in the field of transfusion medicine (TM). This has been made available as a publication in Transfusion since 2018. METHODS: CTMC members reviewed and identified original manuscripts covering TM-related topics published electronically (ahead-of-print) or in print from December 2020 to December 2021. Selection of publications was discussed at committee meetings and chosen based on perceived relevance and originality. Next, committee members worked in pairs to create a synopsis of each topic, which was then reviewed by additional committee members. The first and senior authors assembled the final manuscript. Although this synopsis is extensive, it is not exhaustive, and some articles may have been excluded or missed. RESULTS: The following topics are included: blood products; convalescent plasma; donor collections and testing; hemoglobinopathies; immunohematology and genomics; hemostasis; patient blood management; pediatrics; therapeutic apheresis; and cell therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This synopsis highlights and summarizes recent key developments in TM and may be useful for educational purposes.