Multimodal Pain Management Protocol to Decrease Opioid Use and to Improve Pain Control After Thoracic Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Opioid addiction continues to be a devastating problem in our communities, and up to 40% of patients begin their addiction with legally prescribed opioids after injury or surgical procedure. An opioid-free multimodal pain regimen was developed with the goal of decreasing opioid exposure while maintaining adequate pain control. METHODS: A retrospective single-institution study was conducted of 313 consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive lobectomy before (n = 211) and after (n = 102) implementation of an opioid-free protocol from 2016 to 2020. Data analysis was conducted on preoperative characteristics, postoperative opioid use at set time points (postoperative day 0, postoperative days 1 to 7, and total stay), pain scores, discharge with opioid prescription, and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Patients on the opioid-free protocol had significantly lower average total morphine milligram equivalents at all time points. In addition, 56% of patients in the opioid-free group received no oral opioids at all, and 91% did not receive a patient-controlled analgesia pump. Average pain scores were significantly lower in the opioid-free protocol patients along with percentage of time spent with pain scores <3 and <6. With implementation of the protocol, 62% of patients are discharged without an opioid prescription compared with only 7% previously. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of an opioid-free protocol led to a significant decrease in the use of postoperative opioids at all time points while improving overall management of pain. In addition, most patients are discharged with no home opioid prescription, decreasing a potential source of community opioid spread.

Thromboelastography-Platelet Mapping Allows Safe and Earlier Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

BACKGROUND: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons current (STS) guidelines recommend delaying coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) for several days or performing platelet function testing in stable patients who received P2Y12 inhibitors. Our program routinely uses thromboelastography-platelet mapping (TEG-PM) to expedite CABG in P2Y12 nonresponders. We hypothesize that P2Y12 nonresponders had no difference in length of stay to surgery and blood product transfusion compared with patients undergoing urgent inpatient CABG not treated with a P2Y12 inhibitor. METHODS: A total of 221 patients from 2015 to 2019 were P2Y12 nonresponders based on TEG-PM result of less than 50% adenosine diphosphate inhibition. The control group was 232 consecutive patients who also had urgent inpatient CABG but were not treated preoperatively with a P2Y12 inhibitor. Exclusion criteria were identical between groups. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of inpatient CABG patients who were treated preoperatively with a P2Y12 inhibitor were nonresponders. The mean number of days from cardiac surgical consultation to CABG in the TEG-PM nonresponders group was 1.6 ± 0.1 vs 2.1 ± 0.1 in the control group (P < .01). The mean total number of blood product units transfused was 1.6 ± 0.2 in the TEG-PM nonresponders group vs 1.6 ± 0.4 in the control group (P = .91). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a very high incidence of P2Y12 nonresponders among patients undergoing urgent CABG at our program. These patients underwent surgery at least 3 days earlier than STS recommendations and common practice with no difference in transfusion requirement. Routine use of TEG-PM to identify P2Y12 nonresponders can safely decrease preoperative hospital length of stay and associated cost and improve resource utilization and patient satisfaction.

Analysis of racial disparities in acute type A aortic dissection repair at a rural tertiary academic medical center.

BACKGROUND: To determine if racial disparities exist between African Americans (AA) and Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) for patients undergoing repair of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) at a rural tertiary academic medical center. METHODS: There were 215 consecutive AA and NHW patients who underwent ATAAD repair at our institution from 1999 to 2019 included in a retrospective analysis of our Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. Statistical analysis was performed with a p value of less than .05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Patients undergoing ATAAD repair were 47% AA despite comprising only 27% of the total population in our region. AAs were significantly younger (54.0 vs. 61.2 years), were more likely to be hypertensive (94.1% vs. 79.7%), had higher creatinine levels (1.7 vs. 1.1 mg/dL), and higher body mass index (30.8 vs. 28.1 kg/m2 ) (all p values < .006). There were no significant differences in type of repair or intraoperative variables. A logistic regression analysis showed AAs had an increased rate of postoperative acute renal failure not requiring hemodialysis when compared to NHWs (20.8% vs. 10.6%, p value = .042). Thirty-day mortality was not significantly different (15.7% vs. 13.4%) nor was 1-year survival (78% vs. 79%) in AAs and NHWs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite AAs having more medical comorbidities at presentation, there were no differences in short- and intermediate-term survival. In our catchment of 1.8 million people, AAs appear to undergo ATAAD repair at a disproportionate rate versus NHWs. These findings may alter strategies for surveillance and prevention of aortic disease in this high-risk population.