Phylogenetic Identification, Diversity, and Richness of Aspergillus from Homes in Havana, Cuba.

Aspergillus is one of the most common fungal genera found indoors; it is important because it can cause a wide range of diseases in humans. Aspergillus species identification is based on a combination of morphological, physiological, and molecular methods. However, molecular methodologies have rarely been used for the identification of environmental isolates of Aspergillus in Cuba. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the species of the genus Aspergillus obtained from houses in Havana, Cuba, through the construction of phylogeny from a partial sequence of the benA gene region, and to analyze the diversity and richness of Aspergillus in the studied municipalities. Isolates of Aspergillus spp. included in this study presented the typical macro- and micromorphology described for the genus. According to this polyphasic characterization, A. niger, A. flavus, A. welwitschiae, A. heteromorphus, A. sydowii, A. tamarii, A. fumigatus, A. clavatus, and A. tubingensis were the most abundant species. Most of the identified species constitute new records for outdoor and indoor environments in Cuba and contribute to the knowledge of fungal biodiversity in the country. These results constitute an alert for the health authorities of the country, since prolonged exposure of the inhabitants to Aspergillus spores can cause severe persistent asthma, among other diseases.

New findings of airborne fungal spores in the atmosphere of Havana, Cuba, using aerobiological non-viable methodology.

INTRODUCTION: Although airborne fungal diversity in tropical countries is known to be considerable, aerobiological research to-date has identified only a part of the fungal mycobiota that may have an impact both on human health and on crops. Previous studies in Havana city identified only 30 genera and 5 spore types; therefore,new research is required in these latitudes. This study sought to investigate airborne spore levels in Havana, with a view to learning more about local fungal diversity and assessing its influence in quantitative terms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A Hirst type volumetric sampler was located on the rooftop of a building 35 meters above ground level, in a busy area of the city. Sampling was carried out continuously (operating 24hours/day), at 10 L per minute during the year 2015. The fungal spores were collected on a Melinex tape coated with a 2% silicone solution. The results were expressed as spores per cubic meter (spores/m3) of air when to referring to daily values, and spores count if referring to annual value. RESULTS: Fourteen new genera were identified in the course of volumetric sampling: six produce ascospores and eight conidia. Morphobiometric characteristics were noted for all genera, and airborne concentrations were calculated. These genera accounted for 56.4% of relative fungal frequency over the study year. CONCLUSIONS: Many airbone fungi are primary causes of both respiratory disease and crop damage. These new findings constitute a major contribution to Cuba's aerobiological database.

Aeromicología y salud humana / Aeromycology and human health

Introducción: la aeromicología estudia la variación temporal y espacial del contenido fúngico de la atmósfera, así como la influencia de los factores meteorológicos sobre dichas variaciones. En países tropicales como Cuba, la elevada temperatura y la humedad relativa favorecen el crecimiento de los hongos, así como la formación y liberación de sus esporas, las cuales pueden afectar la salud humana. Objetivo: destacar el impacto de los estudios aeromicológicos para la salud humana. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica sobre aspectos generales de la aeromicología, las principales especies fúngicas presentes en ambientes exteriores e interiores, su impacto en la salud humana y las medidas para disminuir el riesgo de afectación a la salud por dichos hongos. Resultados: se expone información actualizada y valiosa sobre la aeromicología, útil para la prevención de enfermedades ocasionadas por hongos presentes en el aire. Además se destacan los estudios realizados en Cuba hasta la actualidad. Conclusiones: la determinación ambiental de propágulos fúngicos así como sus variaciones estacionales es un parámetro relevante a evaluar dentro de la salud preventiva(AU)

Introduction: aeromycology studies the time and space variation of the air fungal content, as well as the influence of weather factors on these variations. In tropical countries like Cuba, high temperatures and relative humidity favor fungal growth and the formation and release of its spores, which can have an impact on human health. Objective: to highlight the impact of Aeromycology in the human health. Methods: Scientific literature addressing the general aspects of aeromycology, the main indoor and outdoor fungal species, their impact on human health and the actions aimed at decreasing the risk for human health was reviewed. Results: updated and valuable information on aeromycology was presented which can be used to prevent diseases caused by airborne fungi. Additionally, this review highlighted the studies conducted in Cuba up to the present. Conclusions: the environmental determination of fungal propagules and their seasonal variations is a relevant parameter to be evaluated in preventive health care systems(AU)

Aeromicología y salud humana / Aeromycology and human health

Introducción: la aeromicología estudia la variación temporal y espacial del contenido fúngico de la atmósfera, así como la influencia de los factores meteorológicos sobre dichas variaciones. En países tropicales como Cuba, la elevada temperatura y la humedad relativa favorecen el crecimiento de los hongos, así como la formación y liberación de sus esporas, las cuales pueden afectar la salud humana. Objetivo: destacar el impacto de los estudios aeromicológicos para la salud humana. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica sobre aspectos generales de la aeromicología, las principales especies fúngicas presentes en ambientes exteriores e interiores, su impacto en la salud humana y las medidas para disminuir el riesgo de afectación a la salud por dichos hongos. Resultados: se expone información actualizada y valiosa sobre la aeromicología, útil para la prevención de enfermedades ocasionadas por hongos presentes en el aire. Además se destacan los estudios realizados en Cuba hasta la actualidad. Conclusiones: la determinación ambiental de propágulos fúngicos así como sus variaciones estacionales es un parámetro relevante a evaluar dentro de la salud preventiva(AU)

Introduction: aeromycology studies the time and space variation of the air fungal content, as well as the influence of weather factors on these variations. In tropical countries like Cuba, high temperatures and relative humidity favor fungal growth and the formation and release of its spores, which can have an impact on human health. Objective: to highlight the impact of Aeromycology in the human health. Methods: Scientific literature addressing the general aspects of aeromycology, the main indoor and outdoor fungal species, their impact on human health and the actions aimed at decreasing the risk for human health was reviewed. Results: updated and valuable information on aeromycology was presented which can be used to prevent diseases caused by airborne fungi. Additionally, this review highlighted the studies conducted in Cuba up to the present. Conclusions: the environmental determination of fungal propagules and their seasonal variations is a relevant parameter to be evaluated in preventive health care systems(AU)