Lesiones y personalidad en el deporte de competición / Injuries and personality in competitive sports

Las lesiones son acontecimientos usuales en la práctica del deporte, tanto en su orientación recreativa como en su vertiente de competición. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar la ocurrencia de lesiones a lo largo de una temporada en 48 deportistas de tres modalidades competitivas: lucha olímpica, piragüismo y taekwondo. Todas las lesiones registradas se clasificaron según su localización anatómica, diagnóstico y gravedad, al tiempo que se atendió a las molestias físicas del deportista. Otra parte de la investigación pretende relacionar las lesiones con características de personalidad del deportista a través del cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck y Eysenck. Los resultados muestran una proporción de lesiones mayor en los hombres que en las mujeres, siendo las más usuales las lesiones leves en las extremidades inferiores. El taekwondo es el deporte que acumula mayor número de lesiones, y la tendinopatía de hombro es la más acontecida, especialmente en el piragüismo. De las molestias físicas sobresalen las sobrecargas en el cuello, las lumbares y el muslo. También se obtiene una correlación positiva entre el número de lesiones y las puntuaciones en la dimensión de personalidad neuroticismo. Finalmente, se discuten estos aspectos (AU)

Injuries are usual events in sports, both when they occur in recreational sports and in competition. This study has aimed to analyze the occurrence of injuries throughout one season in 48 athletes practicing 3 different competitive sports: Olympic Wrestling, Canoeing and Taekwondo. All of the injuries recorded were classified according to their anatomical location, diagnosis and severity while treating the athlete's physical discomfort. Another part of the research has aimed to link the injuries with the athlete's personality characteristics using the questionnaire EPQ of Eysenck and Eysenck. The results show a higher proportion of injuries in men than in women, the most common ones being minor injuries in lower limbs. Taekwondo is the sport that has the greater number of injuries, and shoulder tendon injury occurs the most, especially in canoeing. Regarding physical discomfort, overloads in the neck, lumbar and thigh stand out. A positive correlation is also obtained between the number of injuries and scores on the personality dimension of personality neuroticism. Finally, we discuss these aspects (AU)

[Allelic loss at 1p/19q analysis in brain tumors of glial lineage]. / Análisis de la presencia de mutaciones por pérdida de heterocigocidad de 1p/19q en tumores cerebrales de estirpe glial.

BACKGROUND: To analyze in cerebral tumors of neuroepithelial tissue 1p/19q codeletions by study of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). A first implied objective was to get ready this molecular thecnique. METHODS: We aimed to determine several deletions mapping 1p and 19q chromosomes, three allelic loss of 1p and two allelic loss of 19q, in patients with cerebral tumors which were operated in our Department from October 2004 until March 2006. We have detected in blood and tumoral DNA loss of heterozygosity assay for molecular detection using PCR and capillary array electrophoresis of five markers (D1S508, D1S2734, D1S199, D19S412 y D19S219). RESULTS: Were included in the first part of this study 45 sample of neuroepithelial tissue supratentorial tumors: 29 glioblastoma, 1 gliosarcoma, 7 diffuse astrocytoma grade II, 1 oligoastrocytoma, 3 oligodendroglioma, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 1 xanthoastrocytoma, 1 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and 1 pilocytic astrocytoma. We considered deleted regions identified when allelic ratio (T1/T2)/( N1/N2) was lower than 0.8. 80% of oligodendroglial tumors, 14% glioblastoma and 14% of diffuse astrocytoma grade II. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of 1p/19q allelic status by LOH analysis may provide useful information for guiding clinical and therapeutical decisions with high succes ratio. These results shown why patients with 1p/19q codeletion survive longer, because adjuvant alkylants adds further improvements to standard, surgery and radiotherapy, treatments.

Análisis de la presencia de mutaciones por pérdida de heterocigocidad de 1p/19q en tumores cerebrales de estirpe glial / Allelic loss at 1p/19q analysis in brain tumors of glial lineage

Objetivos. Analizar en tumores cerebrales, fundamentalmente de estirpe neuro-epitelial, la existencia de mutaciones en los cromosomas 1p y 19q por la técnica de análisis de la pérdida de hetero cigocidad (LOH). Un primer objetivo implícito fue poner a punto la técnica del análisis. Método. Hemos investigado la existencia de mutaciones en 3 alelos seleccionados del cromosoma 1p y en 2alelos del 19q de distintos tumores cerebrales de estirpeglial intervenidos de manera consecutiva en nuestro Centro desde Octubre de 2004 a Marzo de 2006. La metodología empleada ha sido la detección en ADN tumoral de tejido en fresco y en sangre del paciente del marcaje por PCR de amplificados y electroforesis analizando la pérdida de heterocigocidad de microsatélites, repeticiones de dinucleótidos, situados en D1S508, D1S2734, D1S199, D19S412 y D19S219. Resultados. Hemos incluido en esta primera fase de estudio un total de 45 muestras de pacientes intervenidos de tumores cerebrales supratentoriales de estirpe neuroepitelial y que incluyen: 29 glioblastomas, 1 gliosarcoma,7 astrocitomas grado II, 1 oligoastrocitoma, 3 oligodendrogliomas, 1 oligodendroglioma anaplásico,1 xantoastrocitoma, 1 tumor neuroepitelial disembrioplásico y 1 astrocitoma pilocítico. La presencia de mutación la hemos considerado cuando el índicealélico T1/ T2 era inferior a 0.8.Nl/N2 Por estirpe histológica destaca la presencia de mutaciónen un 80% de tumores oligodendrogliales, 14% deglioblastomas y 14% de astrocitomas fibrilares grado II. Conclusiones. La técnica de análisis de LOH en1p/19q es factible de realizar en centros que dispongan de técnicas de estudios genético-moleculares, con un alto índice de fiabilidad. De su resultado se desprende qué pacientes se pueden beneficiar del tratamiento con alquilantes añadiendo, a la terapia quirúrgica y/oradio terápica en uso hasta la fecha, una posibilidad de tratamiento con alto porcentaje de respuestas

Background. To analyze in cerebral tumors of neuroepithelial tissue 1p/19q codeletions by study of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). A first implied objective was to get ready this molecular thecnique. Methods. We aimed to determine several deletion smapping 1p and 19q chromosomes, three allelic loss of1p and two allelic loss of 19q, in patients with cerebral tumors which were operated in our Deparment from October 2004 until March 2006. We have detected in blood and tumoral DNA loss of heterozygosity assay for molecular detection using PCR and capillary array electrophoresis of five markers (D1S508, D1S2734,D1S199, D19S412 y D19S219). Results. Were included in the first part of this study 45sample of neuroepithelial tissue supratentorial tumors:29 glioblastoma, 1 gliosarcoma, 7 diffuse astrocytomagrade II, 1 oligoastrocytoma, 3 oligodendroglioma, 1anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 1 xanthoastrocytoma, 1dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour and 1 pilocyticastrocytoma. We considered deleted regions identified when allelic ratio T1/T2 was lower than 0.8. 80% of oligodendroglial tumors, 14% glioblastoma and14% of diffuse astrocytoma grade II. Conclusions. Evaluation of 1p/19q allelic status by LOH analysis may provide useful information for guiding clinical and therapeutical decisions with high succes ratio. These results shown why patients with1p/19q codeletion survive longer, because adjuvant alkylants adds further improvements to standard, surgery and radiotherapy, treatments

[Comparative study of sevoflurane and nitrous oxide versus halothane and nitrous oxide in pediatric anesthesia: efficacy and hemodynamic characteristics during induction]. / Estudio comparativo entre sevoflurano-óxido nitroso y halotano-óxido nitroso en anestesia pediátrica: eficacia y características hemodinámicas durante la inducción.

OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy, side effects and hemodynamics of anesthetic induction in pediatric patients using sevoflurane and nitrous oxide or halothane and nitrous oxide. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 80 pediatric ASA I-II patients aged between 1 and 10 years old scheduled for infraumbilical surgery of short duration. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 40 to receive one of the two drug combinations. All the children were premedicated with nasal midazolam 0.2 mg.kg-1. Induction was by inhalation of increasing concentrations of sevoflurane or halothane. The maximum inspired concentration during induction was 7% for sevoflurane and 3% for halothane. We analyzed induction time, side effects and hemodynamic variables. RESULTS: The induction time was 2.06 +/- 0.5 min for halothane and 1.6 +/- 0.6 min for sevoflurane (p < 0.01). We observed no differences between the groups in coughing, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, secretions, apnea, nausea, vomiting, agitation or hiccoughing. Supraventricular beats appeared in 22.5% of patients in the halothane group and in 5% of the sevoflurane group. Induction with both anesthetics caused significant decreases from baseline blood pressure levels but no significant changes in heart rate. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled sevoflurane in 60% nitrous oxide provides rapid but gentle anesthetic induction, with hemodynamic stability and a low incidence of airway complications. Sevoflurane is therefore a reasonable alternative to halothane for pediatric surgery.

[Treatment of postoperative pain with intravenous PCA system. Comparison with morphine, metamizole, and buprenorphine]. / Tratamiento del dolor postoperatorio con sistema de PCA intravenoso. Comparación entre morfina, metamizol y buprenorfina.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy, side effects and acceptance by patients and nurses of intravenous "patient-controlled analgesia" (PCA) with morphine, metamizole and buprenorphine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this randomized double blind prospective study of 150 patients in three groups receiving morphine (group A), metamizole (group B) or buprenorphine (group C), the patients had undergone low abdominal surgery with the same anesthetic protocol. Pain was recorded during the first 48 h after surgery on an orally-communicated scale of none or slight = 0, moderate = 1 and severe = 2. Upon the first report of moderate pain, patients were administered an intravenous bolus containing 5 mg morphine, 1 g metamizole or 0.15 mg buprenorphine. A perfusion pump was then connected and set with one bolus of 1.2 mg morphine, one of 333 mg metamizole or one of 0.04 buprenorphine. The maximum dose allowed in 24 h was 40 mg morphine, 8 g metamizole or 1.2 mg buprenorphine. The minimum interval between doses was 30 min for all three groups. Side effects reported were respiratory depression, sedation, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, perspiration and pain upon administration. Patients and nurses were asked to evaluate the system when the pump was disconnected and the results were then analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The analgesic effect was satisfactory in all three groups, with no significant differences among them. The percentages of patients reaching the maximum allowed dose on the first day were 2% with morphine, 18% (p < 0.05) with metamizole and 8% with buprenorphine. No respiratory depression was observed. Sedation was greater with morphine and buprenorphine than with metamizole (p = 0.0001). Pruritus was also greater with morphine and buprenorphine than with metamizole (p = 0.02) and pain upon infusion was greater with metamizole (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous postoperative PCA was effective with all three drugs studied. Patient and nurse acceptance was good and side effects were few in the three groups. The lower rate of side effects for metamizole makes it the drug of choice.

[Cytochemical detection of lymphocyte 5'-nucleotidase in chronic lymphatic leukemia]. / Detección citoquímica de la 5'nucleotidasa linfocitaria en la leucemia linfática crónica.

5'-Nucleotidase is a degrading purine ectoenzyme acting at alkaline pH. It is located in both B and T lymphocytes and its study is of interest in chronic lymphoproliferative diseases. The present work compiles the cytochemical study of lymphocyte 5'-nucleotidase in a control group consisting of 277 haematologically normal subjects and a series of 77 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients; phenotypic studies had been carried out in 40 of these last. The results were expressed as percentage of 5'-nucleotidase positive lymphocytes, and the value (means +/- SD) for the control group was 25 +/- 7, that of the CLL group being 10.7 +/- 18.12. Increased lymphocyte 5'-nucleotidase was present in a minority of the cases (13%), but the significance of this finding is unknown and unrelated to any clinical or cytomorphological data. Although lacking any statistical value, those B-CLL lymphocytes expressing surface IgM and IgD (thus being more mature cells) showed higher 5'-nucleotidase values than those cells expressing only IgM. This finding suggests that a given lymphocytic population would be more immature the lower 5'-nucleotidase value it may express. The incorporation of 5'-nucleotidase determination into the cytochemical study of CLL is encouraged as it is frequently decreased in this disease; at the same time, the enzyme may provide some information on the maturity of the leukaemic population involved.

[Erythroid colonies derived from BFU-E from the bone marrow in a patient with type I congenital dyserythropoietic anemia]. / Estudio de colonias eritroides derivadas de BFU-E de medula ósea en un paciente con anemia diseritropoyética congénita tipo I.

The findings of in vitro culture of bone-marrow BFU-E from a patient with type I dyserythropoietic anaemia are reported, scarce data being seemingly available in the literature. The number of BFU-E in the culture was increased four-fold with respect to the normal values. The morphologic study of the colonies showed in all cases varying number of erythroblasts with internuclear bridges (5-20%). Upon ultrastructural examination of the colonies, a great number of erythroblasts exhibited morphologic alterations, spongy chromatin and internuclear bridges being commonest. These findings suggest that an alteration of the progenitor erythroid cells exists in type I dyserythropoietic anaemia, whereas the morphological defects appreciated show great variation in the progeny of each BFU-E.

Circulating erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia.

We studied the behaviour in culture of erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (BFU-E, CFU-MK) obtained from peripheral blood (PB) in 38 patients: 15 with essential thrombocythaemia, 3 with reactive thrombocytosis, 16 with polycythaemia vera and 4 with secondary polyglobulia. Clonal erythroid growth without added erythropoietin was observed in all patients with polycythaemia vera and in 5 out of 15 with essential thrombocythaemia, but in none of the patients with reactive thrombocytosis or secondary polyglobulia or in controls. When the CFU-MK were cultured without phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated medium (PHA-LCM), all patients with essential thrombocythaemia and 7 out of 16 with polycythaemia vera showed circulating CFU-MK but none of those with reactive thrombocytosis or secondary polyglobulia or controls did so. This study indicates that the growth in vitro of megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitors from such a readily available source as peripheral blood can be valuable in the diagnosis of certain borderline cases of thrombocytosis or erythrocytosis.

[Omega-exonuclease: an enzymatic marker for basophilic leukocytes and mast cells]. / Omega-exonucleasa: un marcador enzimático de leucocitos basófilos y mastocitos.

The activity of the enzymatic marker for basophilic leucocytes and mast cells, omega-exonuclease, was assayed in 20 peripheral blood and 10 bone marrow samples from haematologically normal subjects. The absolute specificity and technical simplicity, of this cytochemical method were fully confirmed.