Association Between Anaerobic Metabolic Demands During Simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Combat and Specific Jiu-Jitsu Anaerobic Performance Test.

Villar, R, Gillis, J, Santana, G, Pinheiro, DS, and Almeida, ALRA. Association between anaerobic metabolic demands during simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu combat and specific jiu-jitsu anaerobic performance test. J Strength Cond Res 32(2): 432-440, 2018-The aims of this study were to design a specific Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test (JJAPT) and investigate the relationship between blood lactate ([La]), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu combat (SBJJC) and JJAPT. Nine male elite Brazilian medium heavy weight athletes performed a 10-minute SBJJC and JJAPT that required performance of a common BJJ technique for 5 consecutive bouts of 1-minute with 45-second rest between bouts. [La] was measured by a lactate analyzer, HR by an HR monitor, and RPE using Borg's scale, and the number of repetitions of butterfly lifts (NBL) was recorded. During JJAPT, NBL decreased in the fourth and fifth bouts (p ≤ 0.05) with increases in [La], HR, and RPE (p ≤ 0.05), indicating that the JJAPT measured anaerobic performance. [La] during SBJJC was not different than [La] at the third and fourth bouts, but was significantly different than the fifth bout (p ≤ 0.05). [La] showed strong correlation between SBJJC and JJAPT for the third (r = 0.80, p ≤ 0.05), fourth (r = 0.83, p ≤ 0.05), and fifth (r = 0.82, p ≤ 0.05) bouts, but not between the HR and RPE. The JJAPT with 4 bouts presented the best combination of stimulus and highest correlation with SBJJC, supporting its use to assess anaerobic performance of BJJ athletes. These data will aid coaches and athletes to better understand the demands of their sport and may help to monitor adaptation in sport-specific performance across periodized training plans.

Does exercise training interfere with the effects of L-carnitine supplementation?

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on carnitine content in muscle fiber, glucose, and fatty acid metabolism and on performance in trained rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats received a daily dose of 28 mg/kg, intragastrically, during the last 4 wk of a 6-wk moderate-intensity training program. The contents of carnitine and coenzyme A were evaluated in muscle fiber and its capacity to metabolize labeled glucose, oleate, and pyruvate. The ergogenic effect of the amine was assessed by the evaluation of time until exhaustion in an exercise session. The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test, and significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: In our model, carnitine supplementation increased time until exhaustion (14.0%), similar to that observed for trained rats, but the effect was even greater (30.3% increase) in the supplemented and trained rats. Carnitine supplementation increased oleate decarboxylation (17% for sedentary rats and 119% for trained rats) and decreased glucose (29.7% and 45% for sedentary and trained rats, respectively) and [2-(14)C ]-pyruvate (45.9% and 61% for sedentary and trained rats, respectively) decarboxylation. The flux of [1-(14)C]-pyruvate through the Krebs cycle increased by 32% and 70% for supplemented sedentary and trained rats, respectively. The training protocol also increased [1-(14)C]-pyruvate decarboxylation by 32%. The cytosolic content of free, long-chain, and short-chain acyl-carnitine increased in the soleus muscle obtained from supplemented sedentary rats by 28%, 117%, and 16%, respectively, and 99%, 205%, and 32% for the muscle from supplemented trained rats. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that carnitine supplementation increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle by a mechanism that includes increasing total carnitine content in soleus muscle mitochondria and the total content of acyl-carnitine. The most interesting finding was that the effect of supplementation was even greater in trained rats that had received 3-wk supplementation of carnitine.