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OBJECTIVE: to develop a care-educational technology similar to a health navigation program for men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: a methodological and qualitative study of a care-educational technology of health navigation program, structured by Program Development Cycle, with 16 patient navigators and 10 professional navigators. It used reflective thematic content analysis and an adaptation model for data processing. RESULTS: the "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19"; navigation program was developed by: I) Observation of reality, problem mapping, needs assessment: content selection, creation of domains and questions; II) Theoretical-conceptual and methodological definition, creation of product under the elaboration of care plans, based on theory, process and taxonomies by a flowchart of operationalization of actions; and III) Self-assessment: qualitative research with professional navigators. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the technology developed, with theoretical and methodological support, allowed to derive a viable navigation program compatible with reality based on the audience's needs.
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Pandemias , Navegação de Pacientes , Masculino , Humanos , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Desenvolvimento de ProgramasRESUMO
Accurately determining an aircraft's flight speed is crucial for optimizing airline performance, as it directly impacts factors such as fuel consumption and emissions. Flying at speeds higher than what is recommended by the manufacturer can result in increased fuel burn. However, flying at slower speeds may lead to longer flight times and competitive disadvantages for airlines as passengers typically prefer shorter travel times. This study empirically investigates the driving forces in the decision-making process of airlines when setting flight speeds to reduce costs while maintaining the quality of service provided to customers. We develop econometric models of planned flight cruise speed and actual mean flight speed. We analyze a vast amount of data, comprising millions of domestic flights within Brazil. Our results allow for policy recommendations that identify opportunities for improvements in airline flight operations optimization, with implications for the environmental footprint of commercial aviation.
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A COVID-19 é uma doença que se caracteriza por uma Síndrome Gripal, tendo principais sintomas, febre, tosse, falta de ar e coriza. A secreção respiratória infectada é uma das principais características de transmissibilidade que aumenta o risco de infecção em locais de aglomerado e em populações vulneráveis, como o caso das favelas. Descrever a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 entre 16 de março 2020 a 06 de outubro de 2021 e identificar um conjunto de sintomas que possam predizer a doença. Estudo do tipo transversal descritivo exploratório. Foram calculadas a densidade demográfica, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental e as taxas de incidência das sub-regiões e taxas por sexo e faixa etária. Para descrever a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 foram construídos mapas de pontos, de Kernel, e mapas clorolépticos das taxas de incidência. Para investigar o conjunto de sintomas preditivos da COVID-19 foi usado a Análise Comparativa Qualitativa (QCA) usando Conjuntos Fuzzy (fsQCA). Detectou-se aglomerados espaciais de casos a oeste, centro-norte e centro-sul de Manguinhos. Altas taxas de incidência foram observadas nas sub-regiões do centro-norte, centro-sul e sudoeste. Nas sub-regiões de alta incidência, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental variou entre 13% e 21%. Quanto aos resultados da QCA, o termo "perda de paladar ou olfato combinado a ausência de dor de cabeça" apresentou o maior grau de associação com o resultado positivo (consistência = 0,81). O termo solução "ausência de perda de paladar ou olfato combinada com ausência de febre" apresentou o maior grau de associação (consistência= 0,79) e é o que proporcionalmente melhor explica o resultado negativo. As sub-regiões com maior aglomeração de casos no território de Manguinhos coincidem com as regiões com maiores taxas de incidência, mas não com as regiões mais pobres do território. A explicação dos desfechos "ser um caso positivo" e "não ser um caso positivo", podem ser úteis para o diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de COVID-19 em cenários em que o acesso a testes diagnósticos não está disponível, além disto, a técnica utilizada consiste em um método inovador em problemas complexos em Saúde Pública, o fsQCA. (AU)
COVID-19 is a disease characterized by a flu syndrome, with the main symptoms of fever, cough, shortness of breath, runny nose. Infected respiratory secretion is one of the main characteristics of transmissibility that increases the risk of infection in crowded places and in vulnerable populations such as slums. To describe the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases between March 16, 2020 and October 6, 2021 and identify a set of symptoms that may be predictive of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the period from 09/17/2020 to 05/05/2021 in the territory of Manguinhos in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive exploratory study. For the first objective, the technique of spatial analysis was used using dot maps and Kernel, with the incidence rates calculated by sex, age and sub-regions. In the second objective, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA) was used to explain the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case". Clusters of cases were detected in the west, north-central and south-central regions of Manguinhos. High incidence rates were also observed in the north-central, south-central and southwest subregions. In the high-incidence subregions, the percentage of people dependent on government financial aid varied between 13% and 21%. The term solution "loss of taste or smell and no headache" showed the highest degree of association with the positive result (consistency = 0.81). The term solution "absence of loss of taste or smell combined with absence of fever" showed the highest degree of association (consistency = 0.79) and is what proportionately best explains the negative result. The sub-regions with the highest concentration of cases in the territory of Manguinhos coincide with the regions with the highest incidence rates, but not with the poorest regions of the territory. The explanation of the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case", may be useful for the presumptive clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in scenarios where access to diagnostic tests is not available, in addition, the technique used consists of an innovative method for complex problems in Public Health, the fsQCA. (AU)
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Humanos , Epidemiologia , Populações Vulneráveis , Análise Espacial , COVID-19 , Brasil , Áreas de PobrezaRESUMO
Abstract This study aims to characterize the morbidity of COVID-19 in the year 2020 by identifying the most vulnerable areas and areas of clustering of cases in a favela from Rio de Janeiro/Brazil known as Manguinhos. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study performed from March 16, 2020, to August 12, 2020. We described the sociodemographic profile of the cases and performed spatial analysis using point and Kernel maps. Incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and sub-regions. The incidence rate was 202/10,000. We detected clusters of cases west, central-north, and central-south of Manguinhos. High incidence rates were observed also in sub-regions of central-north, central-south, and southwest. In the sub-regions with high incidence, the percentage of people depending on financial governmental aid ranged between 13% and 21%. The sub-regions with the highest agglomeration of cases in the territory of Manguinhos coincide with the regions with the highest incidence rates, but not with the poorest regions of the territory.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar a morbidade da COVID-19 no ano de 2020, identificando as áreas mais vulneráveis e áreas de aglomeração de casos em uma favela do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil conhecida como Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal realizado de 16 de março a 12 de agosto de 2020. Descrevemos o perfil sociodemográfico dos casos e fizemos análise espacial por meio de mapas de pontos e Kernel. As taxas de incidência foram calculadas por sexo, idade e sub-regiões. A taxa de incidência foi de 202/10.000 habitantes. Detectamos aglomerados de casos a oeste, centro-norte e centro-sul de Manguinhos. Altas taxas de incidência foram observadas também nas sub-regiões centro-norte, centro-sul e sudoeste. Nas sub-regiões com alta incidência, o percentual de pessoas dependentes de ajuda financeira governamental variou entre 13% e 21%. As sub-regiões com maior aglomeração de casos no território de Manguinhos coincidem com as regiões com as maiores taxas de incidência, mas não com as regiões mais pobres do território.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a care-educational technology similar to a health navigation program for men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a methodological and qualitative study of a care-educational technology of health navigation program, structured by Program Development Cycle, with 16 patient navigators and 10 professional navigators. It used reflective thematic content analysis and an adaptation model for data processing. Results: the "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19"; navigation program was developed by: I) Observation of reality, problem mapping, needs assessment: content selection, creation of domains and questions; II) Theoretical-conceptual and methodological definition, creation of product under the elaboration of care plans, based on theory, process and taxonomies by a flowchart of operationalization of actions; and III) Self-assessment: qualitative research with professional navigators. Final considerations: the technology developed, with theoretical and methodological support, allowed to derive a viable navigation program compatible with reality based on the audience's needs.
RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar una tecnología cuidado-educativa similar a un programa de navegación en salud para hombres durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudio metodológico y cualitativo de una tecnología asistencial-educativa como un programa de navegación en salud, estructurado por el Ciclo de Desarrollo del Programa, con 16 navegandos y 10 navegadores. Se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático reflexivo y un modelo de adaptación para el procesamiento de datos. Resultados: el programa de navegación "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19"; fue desarrollado por: I) Observación de la realidad, mapeo de problemas, evaluación de necesidades: selección de contenidos, creación de dominios y preguntas; II) Definición teórico-conceptual y metodológica, creación del producto bajo la elaboración de planes de cuidados, fundamentados en teoría, proceso y taxonomías mediante un diagrama de flujo de operacionalización de acciones; y III) Autoevaluación: investigación cualitativa con navegadores. Consideraciones finales: la tecnología desarrollada, con sustento teórico y metodológico, permitió derivar un programa de navegación viable compatible con la realidad a partir de las necesidades del público.
RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver uma tecnologia cuidativo-educacional do tipo programa de navegação em saúde para homens na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo metodológico e qualitativo de uma tecnologia cuidativo-educacional do tipo programa de navegação em saúde, estruturado pelo Program Development Cycle, com 16 navegandos e 10 navegadores. Usou análise de conteúdo temática reflexiva e modelo de adaptação para tratamento dos dados. Resultados: o programa de navegação "Fala-M@ano-COVID-19" foi desenvolvido por: I) Observação da realidade, mapeamento do problema, levantamento das necessidades: seleção de conteúdo, criação de domínios e perguntas; II) Definição teórico-conceitual e metodológica, criação do produto sob elaboração de planos de cuidados, pautados em teoria, processo e taxonomias por um fluxograma de operacionalização das ações; e III) Autoavaliação: pesquisa qualitativa com os navegadores. Considerações finais: a tecnologia desenvolvida, com suporte teórico e metodológico, permitiu derivar um programa de navegação viável e compatível à realidade com base nas necessidades do público.
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This study aims to identify a set of symptoms that could be predictive of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the triage of Primary Care services with the contribution of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) using Fuzzy Sets (fsQCA). A cross-sectional study was carried out in a Primary Health Care Unit/FIOCRUZ from 09/17/2020 to 05/05/2021. The study population was suspect cases that performed diagnostic tests for COVID-19. We collected information about the symptoms to identify which configurations are associated with positive and negative cases. For analysis, we used fsQCA to explain the outcomes "being a positive case" and "not being a positive case". The solution term "loss of taste or smell and no headache" showed the highest degree of association with the positive result (consistency = 0.81). The solution term "absence of loss of taste or smell combined with the absence of fever" showed the highest degree of association (consistency = 0,79) and is the one that proportionally best explains the negative result. Our results may be useful to the presumptive clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in scenarios where access to diagnostic tests is not available. We used an innovative method used in complex problems in Public Health, the fsQCA.
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Ageusia , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
Objective. This study aims to understand how adult men adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Qualitative study involving 45 adult men residing in Brazil in 2020. Data were obtained from a Web Survey and treated using Reflective Thematic Analysis and interpreted in the light of Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. Results. The COVID-19 pandemic mobilized in men the ways of adaptation that are configured in: mobilization of the physiological-physical and regulatory dimension: adjustments in the sleep pattern, dietary pattern, and maintenance of physical activity; group self-concept identity: managing emotions; role function: self-knowledge and self-care; interdependence: adjustments in the marital relationship, family ties and paternity, investment in training and studies and control of excessive consumption of content on cell phones. Conclusion. The perception of the own vulnerability favored the entry of men into ways of adaptation in search of balance during the pandemic, motivating them to move through practices of taking care of themselves and taking care of others. Markers of psycho-emotional distress alert to adherence to new modes of care capable of promoting healthy transitions in the face of disruptions and uncertainties generated by the pandemic. This evidence can support the establishment of goals for nursing care aimed at men.
Objetivo. Comprender cómo se estructuran los modos de adaptación de los hombres adultos a la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos. Estudio cualitativo que involucró 45 hombres adultos en Brasil en 2020. Los datos se recolectaron mediante la Encuesta Web y a continuación se sometieron al Análisis Temático Reflexivo e interpretados bajo el Modelo de Adaptación de Callista Roy. Resultados. La pandemia de COVID-19 movilizó en los hombres modos de adaptación que se configuran en: movilización de la dimensión fisiológico-física y reguladora: ajustes en el patrón del sueño, la alimentación y el mantenimiento de la actividad física; autoconcepto grupal de identidad: gestión de las emociones; función de rol: autoconocimiento y autocuidado; interdependencia: ajustes en la relación conyugal, vinculación familiar y paternidad, inversión en formación y estudios, y control del consumo excesivo de contenidos en el dispositivo móvil. Conclusión. La percepción de la propia vulnerabilidad favoreció el ingreso de los hombres a modos de adaptación en busca del equilibrio durante la pandemia, lo que los estimuló a transitar por prácticas de cuidarse a sí mismos y cuidar de los demás. Los marcadores de sufrimiento psicoemocional alertan sobre la adhesión a nuevos modos de atención capaces de promover transiciones saludables ante las disrupciones e incertidumbres generadas por la pandemia. Esta evidencia puede apoyar el establecimiento de metas para el cuidado de enfermería hacia los hombres.
Objetivo. Compreender como se estruturam os modos de adaptação de homens adultos à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos. Estudo qualitativo que envolveu 45 homens adultos residentes no Brasil em 2020. Os dados foram obtidos de Web Survey e tratados mediante Análise Temática Reflexiva e interpretados à luz do Modelo de Adaptação de Callista Roy. Resultados. A pandemia da COVID-19 mobilizou nos homens os modos de adaptação que se configuram em: mobilização da dimensão fisiológico-física e regulatória: ajustes no padrão de sono, alimentar e manutenção da atividade física; identidade do autoconceito de grupo: gestão das emoções; função de papel: autoconhecimento e autocuidado; interdependência: ajustes no relacionamento conjugal, vinculação familiar e na paternidade, investimento na formação e estudos e controle do consumo excessivo de conteúdos no aparelho celular. Conclusão. A percepção da própria vulnerabilidade favoreceu a entrada dos homens em modos de adaptação em busca de equilíbrio durante a pandemia, motivando-os a transitar por práticas de cuidar de si e cuidar do outro. Marcadores de sofrimento psicoemocional alertam para adesão a novos modos de cuidado capazes de promover transições saudáveis diante das rupturas e incertezas geradas pela pandemia. Essas evidencias podem apoiar o estabelecimento de metas para o cuidado de Enfermagem dirigido aos homens.
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Teoria de Enfermagem , Saúde do Homem , Pandemias , COVID-19RESUMO
This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men's health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.
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COVID-19 , Letramento em Saúde , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Masculinidade , Saúde do Homem , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.
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COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Empatia , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , Autocompaixão , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
Objective: This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men's health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results: The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion: The discourse revealed that the men's behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aims to understand how adult men adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Qualitative study involving 45 adult men residing in Brazil in 2020. Data were obtained from a Web Survey and treated using Reflective Thematic Analysis and interpreted in the light of Callista Roy's Adaptation Model. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic mobilized in men the ways of adaptation that are configured in: mobilization of the physiological-physical and regulatory dimension: adjustments in the sleep pattern, dietary pattern, and maintenance of physical activity; group self-concept identity: managing emotions; role function: self-knowledge and self-care; interdependence: adjustments in the marital relationship, family ties and paternity, investment in training and studies and control of excessive consumption of content on cell phones. CONCLUSIONS: The perception of the own vulnerability favored the entry of men into ways of adaptation in search of balance during the pandemic, motivating them to move through practices of taking care of themselves and taking care of others. Markers of psycho-emotional distress alert to adherence to new modes of care capable of promoting healthy transitions in the face of disruptions and uncertainties generated by the pandemic. This evidence can support the establishment of goals for nursing care aimed at men.
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COVID-19 , Telefone Celular , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Pandemias , Brasil , EmoçõesRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the stigma characteristics perceived in the experience of men who had COVID-19. Method: this qualitative study involved men living in Brazil, diagnosed with COVID-19, who answered semi-structured questions in an online form. Data were subjected to thematic and lexical analysis, interpreted in the light of the stigma theory. Results: 92 men, adults, cisgender, heterosexual, of mixed race/color, belonging to middle class, living in the urban area, with higher education participated. The stigma characteristics evidenced were the occurrence of leave, perception of impolite treatment, use of labels and discrimination by co-workers, family members, neighbors and even healthcare professionals, with consequences for the psycho-emotional dimension. Final considerations: discrimination and exclusion derived from stigma surprised men marked by class and gender privileges, little used to being downgraded in interactions when compared to other groups.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las características del estigma percibido en la experiencia de hombres que experimentaron COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo con hombres residentes en Brasil diagnosticados de COVID-19, quienes respondieron preguntas semiestructuradas en forma online. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis temático y léxico, interpretados a la luz de la teoría del estigma. Resultados: participaron 92 hombres, adultos, cisgénero, heterosexuales, de raza/color morena, pertenecientes a la clase media, residentes en el área urbana, con educación superior. Las características del estigma evidenciadas fueron la ocurrencia de bajas, percepción de trato descortés, aplicación de etiquetas y discriminación derivada de compañeros de trabajo, familiares, vecinos e incluso profesionales de la salud, con consecuencias para la dimensión psicoemocional. Consideraciones finales: la discriminación y la exclusión derivada del estigma sorprendió a los hombres marcados por privilegios de clase y género, poco acostumbrados a ser degradados en las interacciones, en comparación con otros grupos.
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as características do estigma percebidas na experiência de homens que vivenciaram a COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, que envolveu homens residentes no Brasil diagnosticados com COVID-19, os quais responderam a questões semiestruturadas em formulário online. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática e lexical, interpretados à luz da teoria do estigma. Resultados: participaram 92 homens, adultos, cisgêneros, heterossexuais, de raça/cor parda, pertencentes à classe média, residentes na área urbana, com nível superior. As características do estigma evidenciadas foram aocorrência de afastamento, percepção do tratamento descortês, aplicação de rótulos e discriminação advindas de colegas de trabalho, familiares, vizinhos e até mesmo profissionais de saúde, com consequências para a dimensão psicoemocional. Considerações finais: discriminação e exclusão derivada do estigma surpreenderam homens marcados por privilégios de classe e gênero, pouco habituados a serem rebaixados nas interações, quando comparado a outros grupos.
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Resumo Objetivo Analisar a experiência do estigma em narrativas sobre o adoecimento crônico de homens em tratamento hemodialítico. Métodos Estudo qualitativo desenvolvido com 24 homens em Unidade de Hemodiálise em cidade localizada na região nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram extraídos de entrevistas individuais em profundidade, submetidas à análise metodológica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e interpretados à luz da teoria do estigma. Resultados As narrativas indicam as marcas da doença, quando estranham o próprio corpo e se percebem diferentes. Evidencia componentes do estigma a exemplo do descrédito, perda do status, afastamento e aplicação de rótulos. Também percebem as consequências da estigmatização, adotam medidas de autopreservação e ressaltam a importância do cuidado recebido de enfermeiras para seu enfrentamento. Conclusão A estigmatização cria barreiras para a sociabilidade, acesso a bens e serviços de saúde e seguridade social, e repercute sobre a imagem corporal, adaptação e enfrentamento do adoecimento crônico.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar la experiencia del estigma en narrativas sobre la dolencia crónica de hombres en tratamiento hemodialítico. Métodos Estudio cualitativo desarrollado con 24 hombres en Unidad de Hemodiálisis en una ciudad ubicada en la región nordeste de Brasil. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas individuales en profundidad, sometidas al análisis metodológico del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo e interpretados a la luz de la teoría del estigma. Resultados Las narrativas indican las marcas de la enfermedad, al extrañar el propio cuerpo y se perciben distintos. Evidencia componentes del estigma como ejemplo del descrédito, pérdida del estatus, alejamiento y atribución de clasificaciones. De la misma forma perciben las consecuencias de la estigmatización, adoptan medidas de autopreservación y destacan la importancia del cuidado recibido de las enfermeras para el enfrentamiento. Conclusión La estigmatización crea barreras para la sociabilidad, acceso a bienes y servicios de salud y seguridad social y tiene y repercute sobre la imagen corporal, adaptación y enfrentamiento de la enfermedad crónica.
Abstract Objective To analyze the experience of stigma in narratives about the chronic illness of men on hemodialysis. Method Qualitative study conducted with 24 men in a Hemodialysis Unit in a city located in the Northeast region of Brazil. Data were extracted with in-depth individual interviews, which were analyzed according to the Discourse of the Collective Subject and interpreted under the light of stigma theory. Results The narratives indicate the marks of the disease, when men are placed at odds with their own bodies and perceive themselves as different. The results show components of stigma such as discredit, loss of status, estrangement and labeling. The men also perceive the consequences of stigmatization, adopt self-preservation measures and emphasize the importance of the care received from nurses to face this reality. Conclusion Stigma creates barriers to socialization, access to health and social security and affects body image, adaptation and coping with chronic illness.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal/psicologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Estigma Social , Entrevistas como Assunto , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde do Homem , Frustração , Fatores SociaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze the stigma characteristics perceived in the experience of men who had COVID-19. METHOD: this qualitative study involved men living in Brazil, diagnosed with COVID-19, who answered semi-structured questions in an online form. Data were subjected to thematic and lexical analysis, interpreted in the light of the stigma theory. RESULTS: 92 men, adults, cisgender, heterosexual, of mixed race/color, belonging to middle class, living in the urban area, with higher education participated. The stigma characteristics evidenced were the occurrence of leave, perception of impolite treatment, use of labels and discrimination by co-workers, family members, neighbors and even healthcare professionals, with consequences for the psycho-emotional dimension. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: discrimination and exclusion derived from stigma surprised men marked by class and gender privileges, little used to being downgraded in interactions when compared to other groups.
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COVID-19 , Infecções por HIV , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , SARS-CoV-2 , Estigma SocialRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the challenges experienced by nurses in the implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Attention to Men's Health. METHOD: Descriptive, qualitative study, carried out with nurses working in Primary Health Care in a city in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Individual interviews were carried out and then analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject, in the light of the guidelines of the National Policy for Comprehensive Attention to Men's Health. RESULTS: A total of 40 nurses participated. The challenges for the implementation of the policy are related to the inoperability of government actions, weaknesses in municipal management, underfunding and discontinuity of actions. CONCLUSION: Nurses face complex macro-management challenges in the implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Attention to Men's Health in Primary Health Care.
Assuntos
Saúde do Homem , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Brasil , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
O câncer de próstata constitui-se um importante agravo da saúde masculina, como apontam os dados epidemiológicos, sendo a experiência do diagnóstico e adoecimento transpassada por diferentes aspectos simbólicos relacionadas à masculinidade, sobretudo, não há evidências que justifiquem a organização de estratégias de rastreamento populacional. Esta revisão bibliográfica analisou produções de caráter qualitativo acerca dessa temática e suas articulações com a discussão sobre a masculinidade e o cuidado à saúde. Foram identificados 12 artigos, obtidos no SCielo e Medline, posteriormente selecionados e submetidos à análise temática. As abordagens desse tema nas produções identificadas foram organizadas em quatro categorias temáticas, a saber: (i) o câncer de próstata enquanto questão sexual; (ii) exames que tocam os homens; (iii) o teste do PSA em questão; e (iv) como enfrentar o rastreamento. Percebe-se que a discussão é traçada de modo deslocado dos sujeitos a que diz respeito e os aspectos de gênero que implicam nesse debate ainda são pouco evidenciados, de maneira que ainda carecem de maior aprofundamento crítico sob a perspectiva da masculinidade e cuidado à saúde.
Prostate cancer constitutes an important aggravation of male health, as shown by epidemiological data, with the experience of diagnosis and illness passing through different symbolic aspects related to masculinity, and, above all, there is no evidence to justify the organization of population screening strategies. This bibliographic review analyzed productions of a qualitative character about this theme and its articulations with the discussion about masculinity and health care. Twelve articles were identified, obtained from SCielo and Medline, later selected and submitted to thematic analysis. The approach to this theme in the identified productions was organized into four thematic categories, namely: (i) prostate cancer as a sexual issue, (ii) tests that touch men, (iii) the PSA test in question and (iv) how to face the screening. It is noticed that the discussion is drawn in a dislocated way from the subjects to which it concerns and the gender aspects that imply in this debate are still little evidenced, in such a way that they still need further critical deepening from the perspective of masculinity and health care.
Assuntos
MasculinidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Angústia Psicológica , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ambiente Domiciliar , Humanos , Masculino , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Apoio Social , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , IncertezaRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar as demandas de atendimento à saúde de homens na Atenção Primária. Método: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, descritivo com base nos dados secundário provenientes do E-SUS SISAB. Analisou-se os atendimentos dos homens na faixa etária entre 20 a 59 anos, residentes em um município do estado da Bahia, Brasil, realizados entre 2015 e 2019. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas utilizando o Stata. Resultados: Entre 2015 e 2019, foram realizados 4.630 atendimentos, sendo 79,9% realizados pela equipe mínima. A maior frequência de atendimentos ocorreu na faixa etária entre 50 e 54 anos. Houve maior frequência de atendimentos pela manhã na UBS e em consultas programadas. Estiveram em observação 92,5% e, dos atendimentos realizados pelo NASF, prevaleceu a prescrição terapêutica 45,2%. Dentre os problemas/condições avaliados, foram mais frequentes a hipertensão arterial, reabilitação e saúde mental. Os procedimentos mais realizados foram a aferição de pressão arterial e administração de medicamentos endovenosos. As condutas adotadas foram: o retorno para consulta agendada e retorno para cuidado programado. Realizaram atendimentos odontológicos programados sob o acesso de consultas programadas e com demandas relacionadas procedimentos dentários, dor de dente. Foram assistidos por visitas domiciliares, não sendo compartilhada entre profissionais. Conclusão: As demandas por cuidado à saúde apresentadas pelos homens na APS refletem a diversidade e complexidade que provem do cotidiano de trabalho a partir dos territórios e direcionam a reflexão acerca da maneira como os serviços estão orientados, a lógica das práticas de saúde e a própria compreensão dos profissionais e sujeitos no processo de cuidar.
Objective: to characterize the health care demands of men in Primary Care. Method: This is an epidemiological, descriptive study based on secondary data from the E-SUS SISAB. The attendance of men aged 20 to 59 years, living in a municipality in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between 2015 and 2019 was analyzed. The data were organized in tables using Stata. Results: Between 2015 and 2019, 4,630 calls were made, 79.9% of which were carried out by the minimum team. The highest frequency of visits occurred in the age group between 50 and 54 years. There was a higher frequency of consultations in the morning at the BHU and scheduled appointments. 92.5% were under observation and, of the visits made by the NASF, the therapeutic prescription prevailed 45.2%. Among the problems / conditions evaluated, arterial hypertension, rehabilitation and mental health were more frequent. The most performed procedures were the measurement of blood pressure and administration of intravenous drugs. The conducts adopted were: return for scheduled consultation and return for scheduled care. They performed scheduled dental appointments under the access of scheduled appointments and with demands related to dental procedures, toothache. They were assisted by home visits, not being shared among professionals. Conclusion: The demands for health care presented by men in PHC reflect the diversity and complexity that come from the daily work from the territories and direct reflection on the way services are oriented, the logic of health practices and the very understanding of professionals and subjects in the care process.
Objetivo: caracterizar las demandas asistenciales de los hombres en Atención Primaria. Método: Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo basado en datos secundarios del E-SUS SISAB. Se analizó la asistencia de hombres de 20 a 59 años, residentes en un municipio del estado de Bahía, Brasil, entre 2015 y 2019. Los datos se organizaron en tablas utilizando Stata. Resultados: Entre 2015 y 2019 se realizaron 4.630 convocatorias, 79,9% de las cuales fueron realizadas por el equipo mínimo. La mayor frecuencia de visitas se produjo en el grupo de edad entre 50 y 54 años. Hubo una mayor frecuencia de consultas por la mañana en la UBS y citas programadas. El 92,5% estaban en observación y, de las visitas realizadas por la NASF, la prescripción terapéutica predominó en el 45,2%. Entre los problemas / condiciones evaluados, fueron más frecuentes la hipertensión arterial, la rehabilitación y la salud mental. Los procedimientos más realizados fueron la medición de la presión arterial y la administración de fármacos intravenosos. Las conductas adoptadas fueron: regreso para consulta programada y regreso para atención programada. Realizan citas dentales programadas bajo el acceso de citas programadas y con demandas relacionadas con procedimientos dentales, dolor de muelas. Fueron asistidos por visitas domiciliarias, no siendo compartidos entre profesionales. Conclusión: Las demandas de atención a la salud que presentan los hombres en la APS reflejan la diversidad y complejidad que surgen del trabajo cotidiano desde los territorios y la reflexión directa sobre la orientación de los servicios, la lógica de las prácticas de salud y la propia comprensión de los profesionales y sujetos en el proceso asistencial
Assuntos
Saúde do Homem , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os desafios vivenciados por enfermeiras na implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem. Método Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado com enfermeiras que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município da Bahia, Brasil. Realizou-se entrevista individual, analisada pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, à luz das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem. Resultados Participaram 40 enfermeiras. Os desafios para a implementação da política concentram-se na inoperância das ações governamentais, fragilidades da gestão municipal, subfinanciamento e descontinuidade das ações. Conclusão As enfermeiras enfrentam desafios complexos de macrogestão na implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem na Atenção Primária à Saúde.
RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los desafíos vividos por las enfermeras en la implementación de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre. Método Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y cualitativo realizado con enfermeras que trabajan en la Atención Primaria de Salud en un municipio de Bahía, Brasil. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas individuales y se analizaron con el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, a la luz de los lineamientos de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre. Resultados Participaron 40 enfermeras. Los retos para la aplicación de la política se concentran en la inoperancia de las acciones gubernamentales, la debilidad de la gestión municipal, la infrafinanciación y la discontinuidad de las acciones. Conclusión Las enfermeras se enfrentan a complejos retos de macrogestión para implementar la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre en la Atención Primaria Sanitaria.
ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the challenges experienced by nurses in the implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Attention to Men's Health. Method Descriptive, qualitative study, carried out with nurses working in Primary Health Care in a city in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Individual interviews were carried out and then analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject, in the light of the guidelines of the National Policy for Comprehensive Attention to Men's Health. Results A total of 40 nurses participated. The challenges for the implementation of the policy are related to the inoperability of government actions, weaknesses in municipal management, underfunding and discontinuity of actions. Conclusion Nurses face complex macro-management challenges in the implementation of the National Policy for Comprehensive Attention to Men's Health in Primary Health Care.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Enfermagem , Atenção à Saúde , Saúde do Homem , Política de SaúdeRESUMO
The aim of this study was to identify and analyze meanings attributed to practices related to prostate cancer prevention among men. A qualitative methodology was employed, with semi-structured interviews being conducted with 21 men in the city of Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, between July and August of 2017. Data analysis was based on a dialectical hermeneutic approach. We found that practices related to prostate cancer prevention were based on scarce information and permeated by a sense of fear of the disease, which was thought of as a death sentence. Additionally, these feelings were compounded by the repercussions of rectal examination, perceived as a violation of one's masculinity. We were able to observe that practices devised to prevent prostate cancer reflect the repercussions of conceptions of masculinity regarding men's health care, where manliness and toughness can be susceptible by the touch.
El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y analizar los sentidos atribuidos por hombres a las prácticas relacionadas con la prevención del cáncer de próstata. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas, en el que participaron 21 hombres del municipio de Vitória da Conquista, Bahía. El período de recopilación de información fue entre julio y agosto de 2017. El análisis de los datos se basó en los principios de la hermenéutica-dialéctica. Se percibió que las prácticas relacionadas con la prevención del cáncer de próstata se elaboran con escasa información y permeadas por sentidos que remiten al miedo a la enfermedad, asumida como una sentencia a la vida, y a las repercusiones del tacto rectal, asimilado como una violación de la condición masculina. Se constató que las prácticas elaboradas para prevenir el cáncer de próstata reflejan las implicancias de la masculinidad en el cuidado de la salud de los hombres y, sobre todo, que la dureza masculina puede sentirse interpelada a partir de un tacto.